Abstract
Parasomnias are a verbal, motor, or experiential phenomenon that occurs during entry into sleep, within sleep, or during arousal from sleep. Parasomnias may occur during non-rapid eye movement sleep (NREM), rapid eye movement sleep (REM), or during transitions to and from sleep. This chapter will focus on NREM-related parasomnias, such as disorders of arousal, which include confusional arousals, sleepwalking, sleep terrors, and sleep-related eating disorder; and REM sleep parasomnias, such as REM sleep behavior disorder, recurrent isolated sleep paralysis, and nightmare disorder. As there is no evidence or investigations focusing on physical therapy treatments for parasomnias, here we briefly explain them, in order to give an understanding of them and being able to recognize and send the patient to a specialized physician.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
International classification of sleep disorders. 3rd ed. Westchester: American Academy of Sleep Medicine, 2014.
Avidan AY. Non–rapid eye movement parasomnias:clinical spectrum, diagnostic features,and management. Chapter 102. In: Kryger M, RothT DWC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017. p. 981–92. ISSN 978-0-323-24288-2.
Silber MH, St Loius EK, Boeve BF. Rapid eye movement parasomnias. Chapter 103. In: Kryger M, RothT DWC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017. p. 1002–10. ISSN 978-0-323-24288-2.
Hrozanova M, Morrison I, Riha RL. Adult NREM parasomnias: An update. Clocks Sleep. 2018;1(1):87–104. https://doi.org/10.3390/clockssleep1010009.
Amara AW, Maddox MH. Epidemiology of sleep medicine. Chapter 62. In: Kryger M, RothT DWC, editors. Principles and practice of sleep medicine. 6th ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier; 2017. p. 627–37.
Petit D, Pennestri MH, Paquet J, Desautels A, Zadra A, Vitaro F, Tremblay RE, Boivin M, Montplaisir J. Childhood sleepwalking and sleep terrors: a longitudinal study of prevalence and familial aggregation. JAMA Pediatr. 2015;169(7):653–8. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2015.127.
Howell MJ. Parasomnias: an updated review. Neurotherapeutics. 2012;9(4):753–75. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13311-012-0143-8.
Boeve BF, Silber MH, Saper CB, Ferman TJ, Dickson DW, Parisi JE, Benarroch EE, Ahlskog JE, Smith GE, Caselli RC, Tippman-Peikert M, Olson EJ, Lin SC, Young T, Wszolek Z, Schenck CH, Mahowald MW, Castillo PR, Del Tredici K, Braak H. Pathophysiology of REM sleep behaviour disorder and relevance to neurodegenerative disease. Brain. 2007;130(Pt 11):2770–88. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awm056.
Zhang J, Li SX, Lam SP, Wing YK. Epidemiology of REM sleep behavior disorder: both study design and measurement tool count. Sleep Med. 2017;40:122–3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2017.09.009.
Yao C, Fereshtehnejad SM, Keezer MR, Wolfson C, Pelletier A, Postuma RB. Risk factors for possible REM sleep behavior disorder: a CLSA population-based cohort study. Neurology. 2018;92(5):e475–85. https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000006849.
St Louis EK, Boeve AR, Boeve BF. REM sleep behavior disorder in Parkinson's disease and other synucleinopathies. Mov Disord. 2017;32(5):645–58. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.27018.
Iranzo A, Santamaria J, Tolosa E. The clinical and pathophysiological relevance of REM sleep behavior disorder in neurodegenerative diseases. Sleep Med Rev. 2009;13(6):385–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2008.11.003.
McCarter SJ, St Louis EK, Sandness DJ, Arndt K, Erickson M, Tabatabai G, Boeve BF, Silber MH. Antidepressants increase REM sleep muscle tone in patients with and without REM sleep behavior disorder. Sleep. 2015;38(6):907–17. https://doi.org/10.5665/sleep.4738.
Nightingale S, Orgill JC, Ebrahim IO, de Lacy SF, Agrawal S, Williams AJ. The association between narcolepsy and REM behavior disorder (RBD). Sleep Med. 2005;6(3):253–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sleep.2004.11.007.
Iranzo A, Fernández-Arcos A, Tolosa E, Serradell M, Molinuevo JL, Valldeoriola F, Gelpi E, Vilaseca I, Sánchez-Valle R, Lladó A, Gaig C, Santamaría J. Neurodegenerative disorder risk in idiopathic REM sleep behavior disorder: study in 174 patients. PLoS One. 2014;9(2):e89741. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0089741.
Weil RS, Morris HR. REM sleep behaviour disorder: an early window for prevention in neurodegeneration? Brain. 2019;142(3):498–501. https://doi.org/10.1093/brain/awz014.
Fleetham JA, Fleming JA. Parasomnias. CMAJ. 2014;186(8):E273–80. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.120808. Epub 2014 May 5.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
de Martin Truzzi, G., Frange, C., Santos Coelho, F.M. (2022). Parasomnias. In: Frange, C., Coelho, F.M.S. (eds) Sleep Medicine and Physical Therapy. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85074-6_23
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-85074-6_23
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-85073-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-85074-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)