Abstract
The ureter is, of course, a simple tube connecting the kidney and the bladder; however, there can be a bewildering array of congenital anomalies such as duplication, stenosis, megaureter, reflux, and ectopic insertion into the bladder or indeed other organs. This chapter describes this array.
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Notes
- 1.
Carl Weigert (1845–1904) and Robert Meyer (b1864)—German pathologist and physician, respectively.
- 2.
Frank Douglas Stephens (1913–2011). One of a dynasty of Australian pediatric surgeons who worked at Royal Melbourne Childrens Hospital.
- 3.
Jock C. Anderson, Wilfred Hynes—urologist and plastic surgeon, respectively, working in Sheffield, UK.
- 4.
Frederic E.B. Foley (1891–1966)—American urologist, working in Boston, MA. More famous for his catheter, designed as a medical student in 1929.
- 5.
W. Hardy Hendren III (b1926) American pediatric urologist working in Boston, MA.
- 6.
Zygmunt H. Kalicinski (1927–1996) Polish pediatric urologist.
Further Reading
Nguyen HT, Herndon CD, Cooper C, Gatti J, Kirsch A, Kokorowski P, et al. The Society for Fetal Urology consensus statement on the evaluation and management of antenatal hydronephrosis. J Pediatr Urol. 2010;6:212–31.
Fernbach SK, Maizels M, Conway JJ. Ultrasound grading of hydronephrosis: introduction to the system used by the Society for Fetal Urology. Pediatr Radiol. 1993;23:478–80.
Glassberg KI, Braren V, Duckett JW, et al. Suggested terminology for duplex systems, ectopic ureters and ureteroceles. J Urol. 1984;132:1153–4.
Ninan GK, Sinha CK. Dismembered pyeloplasty using double ‘J’ stent in infants and children. Pediatr Surg Int. 2009;25:191–4.
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Mosa, H., Upadhyaya, V.D., Sharma, S.P., Mishra, P. (2022). The Ureter. In: Sinha, C.K., Davenport, M. (eds) Handbook of Pediatric Surgery. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84467-7_33
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