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Agronomic Olive Bio-waste Management: Combination of Olive Mill Wastewater Spreading and Compost Amendment – Effects on Soil Properties and Olive Tree Performance

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Mediterranean Fruits Bio-wastes

Abstract

In Mediterranean countries, olive oil production generates huge amounts of by-products, namely olive mill wastewater (OMW)—a heavy polluting effluent of severe environmental concerns- affecting the environment and raising management problems to the olive oil industry. The OMW spreading was suggested to overcome soil nutriments’ lack and to mobilize its ions. However, these agronomic purposes could negatively affect the effluent acidity and its relatively high minerals and phenolic compounds contents. Consequently, its co-composting with bio-wastes was investigated for reducing its negative impacts, recycling, and transforming this effluent into a fertilizer. The present work deals with the OMW valorisation, considering sustainable management perspectives’ for agronomic use. The effluent recycling through its spreading in the agricultural field and/or its co-composting and then the compost application for soil amendment as fertilizer were presented. The OMW short, medium, and long-term effects on the soil and the olive trees were investigated. The objectives of this chapter were to evidence chemical and microbiological properties of the field where this effluent and/or its co-compost were amended. Such uses were evaluated, and the impacts of the effluent agronomic opportunities presented by assessing the efficient dose to be used were discussed. Consequently, its fertilizing potential was investigated considering the global effluent effect on soil layers, and the olive tree as a result of the amendment; the physiological and biochemical characteristics analyzed during six successive years, and the olive yield established after 6 years (the long-term effect) of the Chemlali variety OMW treatment. In this chapter, the olive sector and its importance in Mediterranean countries were first introduced, followed by the presentation of the olive processing generating the OMW. This effluent was characterized by physicochemical, microbiological, and agronomic properties; then, its agronomic valorisation was considered a sustainable development path. Regarding the OMW valorisation aspect, the first agronomic efficient way is the effluent spreading in olive fields allowing the resource recycling, and the legislation related to this practice is presented. The second agronomic issue of this effluent recycling is through its co-composting as an agro bio-waste and its use for windrow humidification, or its mix with the co-composed paste resulting from the OMW natural evaporation. Based on various studies, the effects of the compost issued from these co-composted bio-wastes on soil and olive trees are reported. This chapter covers recent sustainable management advances of olive oil bio-waste processing. Therefore, current knowledge focusing on olive mill effluent relevant processes for agronomic valorization in circular economic perspectives is reported.

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Abbreviations

BOD:

Biological oxygen demand

COD:

Chemical oxygen demand

DM:

Dry matter

Gs:

Stomatal conductance

OMW:

Olive mill wastewater

Pn:

Photosynthesis

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Environmental Sciences and Sustainable Development, University of Sfax, Preparatory Institute of Engineering Studies of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

    Salwa Magdich & Emna Ammar

  2. National Engineering School of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia

    Emna Ammar

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  1. Salwa Magdich
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  2. Emna Ammar
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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Deanship of Scientific Research, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia

    Mohamed Fawzy Ramadan

  2. Pharmacognosy Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt

    Mohamed A. Farag

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Magdich, S., Ammar, E. (2022). Agronomic Olive Bio-waste Management: Combination of Olive Mill Wastewater Spreading and Compost Amendment – Effects on Soil Properties and Olive Tree Performance. In: Ramadan, M.F., Farag, M.A. (eds) Mediterranean Fruits Bio-wastes. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84436-3_5

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