Abstract
The rough sets theory developed by Prof. Z. Pawlak is one of the tools used in intelligent systems for data analysis and processing. In modern systems, the amount of the collected data is increasing quickly, so the computation speed becomes the critical factor. This paper shows FPGA and softcore CPU based hardware solution for big datasets core calculation focusing on rough set methods. Core represents attributes cannot be removed without affecting the classification power of all condition attributes. Presented architectures have been tested on real datasets by running presented solutions inside two different FPGA chips. Datasets had 1 000 to 1 000 000 objects. The same operations were performed in software implementation. Results show the up to 15.83 times increase factor in computation time using hardware supporting core generation in comparison to pure software implementation.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Banerjee, A., Maji, P.: Segmentation of bias field induced brain MR images using rough sets and stomped-t distribution. Inf. Sci. 504, 520–545 (2019)
Chen, Y.S., Cheng, C.H.: Hybrid models based on rough set classifiers for setting credit rating decision rules in the global banking industry. Knowl.-Based Syst. 39, 224–239 (2013)
Grześ, T., Kopczyński, M., Stepaniuk, J.: FPGA in rough set based core and reduct computation. In: Lingras, P., Wolski, M., Cornelis, C., Mitra, S., Wasilewski, P. (eds.) RSKT 2013. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8171, pp. 263–270. Springer, Heidelberg (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-41299-8_25
Grzes, T., Kopczynski, M.: Hardware implementation on field programmable gate array of two-stage algorithm for rough set reduct generation. In: Mihálydeák, T., Min, F., Wang, G., Banerjee, M., Düntsch, I., Suraj, Z., Ciucci, D. (eds.) IJCRS 2019. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 11499, pp. 495–506. Springer, Cham (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-22815-6_38
Jiang, H., Zhan, J., Sun, B., Alcantud, J.C.R.: An MADM approach to covering-based variable precision fuzzy rough sets: an application to medical diagnosis. Int. J. Mach. Learn. Cybern. 11(9), 2181–2207 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13042-020-01109-3
Kanasugi, A., Yokoyama, A.: A basic design for rough set processor. In: The 15th Annual Conference of Japanese Society for Artificial Intelligence (2001)
Kopczyński, M., Stepaniuk, J.: Rough set methods and hardware implementations. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Białostockiej. Informatyka Zeszyt 8, 5–18 (2011)
Kopczyński, M., Stepaniuk, J.: Hardware implementations of rough set methods in programmable logic devices. In: Rough Sets and Intelligent Systems - Professor Zdzisław Pawlak in Memoriam, Intelligent Systems Reference Library, vol. 43, pp. 309–321 Heidelberg, Springer (2013)
Kopczyński, M., Grześ, T., Stepaniuk, J.: FPGA in rough-granular computing : reduct generation. In: WI 2014: The 2014 IEEE/WCI/ACM International Joint Conferences on Web Intelligence, Warsaw, IEEE Computer Society, vol. 2, pp. 364–370 (2014)
Kopczynski, M., Grzes, T., Stepaniuk, J.: Generating core in rough set theory: design and implementation on FPGA. In: Kryszkiewicz, M., Cornelis, C., Ciucci, D., Medina-Moreno, J., Motoda, H., Raś, Z.W. (eds.) RSEISP 2014. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 8537, pp. 209–216. Springer, Cham (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-08729-0_20
Kopczynski, M., Grzes, T., Stepaniuk, J.: Computation of cores in big datasets: An FPGA approach. In: Ciucci, D., Wang, G., Mitra, S., Wu, W.-Z. (eds.) RSKT 2015. LNCS (LNAI), vol. 9436, pp. 153–163. Springer, Cham (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-25754-9_14
Kopczyński, M., Grześ, T., Stepaniuk, J.: Core for large datasets : rough sets on FPGA. Fundamenta Informaticae 147, 241–259 (2016)
Lewis, T., Perkowski, M., Jozwiak, L.: Learning in hardware: architecture and implementation of an FPGA-based rough set machine. euromicro, vol. 1, 25th Euromicro Conference (EUROMICRO 1999), vol. 1, 1326 (1999)
Lichman, M.: UCI Machine Learning Repository. Irvine, CA: University of California, School of Information and Computer Science (2013). [http://archive.ics.uci.edu/ml]
Marz, N., Warren, J.: Big Data: Principles and Best Practices of Scalable Realtime Data Systems. Manning Publications Co. (2015)
Mehdipour F., Noori H., Javadi B.: Energy-efficient big data analytics in datacenters. Adv. Comput. 100, 59–101 (2016)
Muraszkiewicz, M., Rybiński, H.: Towards a parallel rough sets computer. In: Rough Sets, Fuzzy Sets and Knowledge Discovery. Springer-Verlag, pp. 434–443 (1994)
Penmatsa, R.K.V., Kalidindi, A., Mallidi, S.K.R.: Feature reduction and optimization of malware detection system using ant colony optimization and rough sets. Int. J. Inf. Secur. Privacy 14, 95–114 (2020)
Pawlak, Z.: Rough Sets. Theoretical Aspects of Reasoning about Data. Kluwer Academic, Dordrecht (1991)
Pawlak, Z.: Elementary rough set granules: toward a rough set processor. In: Rough-Neurocomputing: Techniques for Computing with Words, Cognitive Technologies, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 5–14 (2004)
Pawlak, Z., Skowron, A.: Rudiments of rough sets. Inf. Sci. 177(1), 3–27 (2007)
Stepaniuk, J.: Knowledge discovery by application of rough set models. In: Rough Set Methods and Applications. New Developments in Knowledge Discovery, Information Systems, Physica-Verlag, Heidelberg, pp. 137–233 (2000)
Stepaniuk, J.: Rough–Granular Computing in Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining. Springer (2008)
Stepaniuk, J., Kopczyński, M., Grześ, T.: The first step toward processor for rough set methods. Fundam. Informaticae 127, 429–443 (2013)
Sun, L., Xu, J., Li, Y.: A feature selection approach of inconsistent decision systems in rough set. J. Comput. 9, 1333–1340 (2014)
Tiwari, K.S., Kothari, A.G., Keskar, A.G.: Reduct generation from binary discernibility matrix: an hardware approach. Int. J. Future Comput. Commun. 1(3), 270–272 (2012)
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by the grant WZ/WI-IIT/2/2020 from Bialystok University of Technology and funded with resources for research by the Ministry of Science and Higher Education in Poland.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Kopczyński, M. (2021). FPGA in Core Calculation for Big Datasets. In: Saeed, K., Dvorský, J. (eds) Computer Information Systems and Industrial Management. CISIM 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12883. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_33
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84340-3_33
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-84339-7
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-84340-3
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)