Abstract
Massive hemoptysis is defined as hemoptysis of more than 250 ml within 24 hours. Common etiologies include infections, chronic lung diseases such as cystic fibrosis and COPD, malignancy, and trauma. CT angiography is the ideal noninvasive imaging modality to identify the etiology of hemoptysis, as well as bronchial and parasitizing arterial anatomy, which assists in pre-procedural planning. Although the exam is typically acquired, it usually is unable to locate the exact site of bleeding. Bronchial arteriography with embolization is both diagnostic and therapeutic, and is the first-line therapy for most cases of massive hemoptysis. What makes bronchial artery embolization effective is that occlusion of targeted bronchial arteries, with appropriate sized embolic agents, achieves a high rate of success in hemostasis while causing little or no ischemia of the bronchial airways. The many forms of pathology that cause hemoptysis are chronic processes, and thus bronchial artery embolization usually remains a temporizing measure to stop acute bleeding; cure depends on definitive treatment of the underlying lung pathology, either via medical treatment and/or surgery.
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Guan, J.J. (2022). Bronchial Artery Embolization. In: Chand, R., Eltorai, A.E.M., Healey, T., Ahn, S. (eds) Essential Interventional Radiology Review. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84172-0_49
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