Abstract
Karl Leonhard Reinhold’s and Friedrich Schiller’s conception of drive can be interpreted as a systematic response to an ambivalence in Kant’s conception of drive and driving force, which he associates with heteronomy and autonomy. Reinhold distinguishes between a selfish (“eigennütziger”) and an unselfish (“uneigennütziger”) drive. In doing so, he revaluates the drive as something that is compatible with our freedom of the will. Both drives are the vital basis of our free decision and therefore united. Schiller distinguishes between three kinds of drive. The object of the form-drive (“Formtrieb”) is the Gestalt of the world, its intelligible structure and necessity, whereas the object of the material drive (“Stofftrieb”) is the human life and its sensual reality. In opposition to Reinhold, Schiller introduces a third drive that he calls the “play drive” (“Spieltrieb”). However, it is not an instance additional to the material and form-drive, but rather designates the harmony of both drives.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
For a discussion of the concept of drive in Kant’s work, see Heidemann and Kisner in this volume.
- 2.
The Cambridge Edition of Kant’s works translates “Triebfeder” with “incentive”, thereby following Mary Gregor’s translation.
- 3.
Kant’s works are cited by the number of the volume of the Akademie-Ausgaube, which contains the cited text, a colon, and the number of the page(s) in this order in the whole text. The (German) Akademie-Ausgabe is listed as Kant (1900, ff). in the bibliography at the end. The translations cited from are listed as Kant (1997, 1998a, b).
- 4.
The Nationalausgabe of Schiller’s works is cited as NA followed by the number of the volume, a colon, and the number of the page(s) in this order in the whole text. If I refer to no other edition of the text, I translated the text myself. The texts in the Nationalausgabe, which are referred to, are listed as Schiller (1780) 1962a, Schiller (1790–1794) 1992, Schiller (1793) 1962b and Schiller (1795) 1967 in the bibliography at the end.
References
Allison, Henry E. 1986. Morality and Freedom: Kant’s Reciprocity Thesis. The Philosophical Review 95 (3): 393–425. https://doi.org/10.2307/2185466.
Frankfurt, Harry. 1971. Freedom of the Will and the Concept of a Person. The Journal of Philosophy 68 (1): 5–20. https://doi.org/10.2307/2024717.
Kant, Immanuel. 1900. ff. Gesammelte Schriften, edited by the Royal Prussian (later German) Academy of Sciences. Berlin: De Gruyter.
———. 1997. Critique of Practical Reason. Trans. Mary Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 1998a. Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. Trans. Mary Gregor. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 1998b. Religion within the Boundaries of Mere Reason. Trans. Allen Wood and George di Giovanni. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Noller, Jörg. 2019a. ‘Practical Reason is not the Will’: Kant and Reinhold’s Dilemma. European Journal of Philosophy 27 (4): 852–864. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12448.
———. 2019b. Reason’s Feeling: A Systematic Reconstruction of Kant’s Theory of Moral Respect. SATS. Northern European Journal of Philosophy 20 (1): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1515/sats-2019-0012.
———. 2020a. From Autonomy to Heautonomy: Reinhold and Schiller on Practical Self-Determination. Idealistic Studies 50 (3): 261–274. https://doi.org/10.5840/idstudies2020821116.
———. 2020b. Heautonomy: Schiller on Freedom of the Will. European Journal of Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejop.12576.
Reinhold, Karl Leonhard. 2008. Briefe über die Kantische Philosophie: Zweiter Band. Ed. Martin Bondeli. Basel: Schwabe (My translation).
Schiller, Friedrich. 1962a. Versuch über den Zusammenhang der thierischen Natur des Menschen mit seiner geistigen. In Schillers Werke: Nationalausgabe, vol. 20, Philosophische Schriften: Erster Teil, Friedrich Schiller, ed. Benno von Wiese, 37–75. Böhlau (My translation): Weimar.
———. 1962b. Ueber Anmuth und Würde. In Schillers Werke: Nationalausgabe, vol. 20, Philosophische Schriften: Erster Teil, Friedrich Schiller, ed. Benno von Wiese, 251–308. Böhlau: Weimar.
———. 1962c–1963. Ueber die ästhetische Erziehung des Menschen in einer Reihe von Briefen. In Schillers Werke: Nationalausgabe, vol. 20–21, Philosophische Schriften, Friedrich Schiller, edited by Benno von Wiese, vol. 20, 309–412, and vol. 21, 232–277. Weimar: Böhlau.
———. 1967. On the Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters. Ed. and Trans. Elizabeth M. Wilkinson and L.A. Willoughby. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
———. 1992. Schillers Werke: Nationalausgabe, vol. 26, Briefwechsel: Schillers Briefe: 1.3.1790–17.5.1794. Ed. Edith Nahler and Horst Nahler. Weimar: Böhlau.
———. 2003. Kallias or Concerning Beauty: Letters to Gottfried Körner. In Classic and Romantic German Aesthetics, ed. J.M. Bernstein, 145–183. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
———. 2005. “On Grace and Dignity.” Translated by Jane V. Curran. In Schiller’s “On Grace and Dignity”. In Its Cultural Context: Essays and a New Translation, ed. Jane V. Curran and Christophe Fricker, 123–170. Rochester (New York), Woodbridge (Suffolk): Boydell & Brewer.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Noller, J. (2022). Drive, Will, and Reason: Reinhold and Schiller on Realizing Freedom after Kant. In: Kisner, M., Noller, J. (eds) The Concept of Drive in Classical German Philosophy. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84160-7_12
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-84160-7_12
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-84159-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-84160-7
eBook Packages: Religion and PhilosophyPhilosophy and Religion (R0)