Abstract
Surface water quality of river Damodar in an industrial catchment was assessed in two different seasons (pre- and post-monsoon). Eleven discharge points were selected for analysis of physical, chemical, and microbial variation between sampling sites for two seasons. Physicochemical analysis showed a very high concentration of each parameter in sample water and exceeded its permissible limit for drinking in the post-monsoon season. Untreated sewage and wastewater from nearby industries supplied pathogenic matters to the riverbed. Microbial indicators such as Total Viable Count (TVC), Total Coliform (TC), and Faecal Coliform (FC) indicated high positive correlation with physicochemical parameters such as temperature, Total Hardness (TH), cadmium, iron, Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), oil and grease in river water. Highest TVC and coliform bacteria were observed in the S8 sample near Durgapur thermal power plant. Discharge of hot wastewater from a power plant is the principal cause of higher microbial growth at this site. Pollution Index (PI) was analysed for physicochemical quality of river water and this analysis showed the highest value of PI in a S8 sample during both seasons. Hypothesis testing by ‘t’ test indicated there was a significant variation (ρ > 0.01,0.05) in the mean value of all parameters in two seasons and rejected null hypothesis. Mean difference of PI values (t = 20.59) also indicated a high difference between post- and pre-monsoon seasons. ‘Lockdown’ period of COVID -19 pandemic helped to improve river water quality due to the closing of all industries. Very low discharge of wastewater to the riverbed noticeably improved water quality during the pre-monsoon season. After ‘unlock’ of economic sectors proper management and mitigation of river pollution should be very necessary to sustain environmental quality and protect human health from pathogenic hazards in this study area.
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Acknowledgement
The authors show their kind acknowledgment to the Dept. of Geography and Microbiology, Raja N. L. Khan Women’s College (Autonomous), Department of Earth Sciences, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, West Bengal, and Department of Geology & Geophysics, Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Kharagpur, West Bengal, India for their laboratory facilities and kind encouragement.
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Chakraborty, B. et al. (2022). Physicochemical and Microbial Indicators for Water Quality Assessment in an Industrial Catchment of River Damodar, India. In: Patra, B.C., Shit, P.K., Bhunia, G.S., Bhattacharya, M. (eds) River Health and Ecology in South Asia. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83553-8_12
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