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Environmental Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Diseases

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Environmental Alteration Leads to Human Disease

Part of the book series: Sustainable Development Goals Series ((SDGS))

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Abstract

There is sufficient evidence that associate the exposure to a variety of environmental air pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, ozone and particulate matter, to respiratory diseases, such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, lung cancer and respiratory infections, as well as cardiovascular diseases.

The air in the urban environment is made of a complex mixture of chemicals and carcinogens, derived mainly from combustion sources. However, quantifying the magnitude of pollutants on health presents considerable challenges due to the limited availability of information on exposures to air pollution. The association between air pollution, mainly particulate matter (PM) and ozone exposure, and cardiopulmonary diseases has long been recognized. There is evidence coming from time series studies of hospital admissions for respiratory diseases, which indicates that admissions for chronic obstructive lung diseases, asthma and pneumonia are more frequent on days with high air pollution concentrations. These associations are usually observed in association with PM, O3 and NO2.

Moreover, in last decades, several studies have showed that hospital admissions for cardiovascular diseases were more frequent on days with high concentrations of PM and ozone. Different studies found associations between ambient air pollution and hospital admissions for various cardiovascular diseases, such as ischaemic heart disease, congestive heart failure and dysrhythmia including congestive heart failure.

The aim of this chapter is to give an update of these relationship with the latest evidence from the scientific literature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy

    Cristina Sestili, Domenico Barbato, Rosario A. Cocchiara, Angela Del Cimmuto & Giuseppe La Torre

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  1. Cristina Sestili
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  2. Domenico Barbato
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  3. Rosario A. Cocchiara
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  4. Angela Del Cimmuto
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  5. Giuseppe La Torre
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Correspondence to Giuseppe La Torre .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Environmental Science & Policy, University of Milan, Milano, Milano, Italy

    Vittorio Ingegnoli

  2. Department of Experimental Medicine “Sapienza”, Laboratory of Seminology, Bank of Semen “Loredana Gandini”, University of Roma, Roma, Roma, Italy

    Francesco Lombardo

  3. Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Roma, Roma, Italy

    Giuseppe La Torre

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Sestili, C., Barbato, D., Cocchiara, R.A., Del Cimmuto, A., La Torre, G. (2022). Environmental Pollution and Cardiorespiratory Diseases. In: Ingegnoli, V., Lombardo, F., La Torre, G. (eds) Environmental Alteration Leads to Human Disease . Sustainable Development Goals Series. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83160-8_9

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