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L-asparaginase: Insights into the Marine Sources and Nanotechnological Advancements in Improving Its Therapeutics

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Engineered Nanomaterials for Innovative Therapies and Biomedicine

Part of the book series: Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences ((NALIS))

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Abstract

L-asparaginase, a cancer therapeutic enzyme, has attracted a great deal of attention from the scientific community. Although it was adopted in the treatment of leukaemia decades ago, its clinical formulations need to be improved. Current asparaginase formulations are derived from the terrestrial microorganisms, Escherichia coli and Erwinia chrysanthemi that elicit severe side effects to the patient. Moreover, these forms of asparaginase have been observed with a short half-life in the blood circulation, thereby requiring frequent dosage of the drug. Altogether, this results in increasing the cost of the treatment with lower clinical efficacy. Therefore, considerable research has been prompted in the acquisition of alternative sources of asparaginase with improved biochemical properties. Among the different sources, the marine environment is sparsely explored for biological products and enzymes. Marine resources that encompass vast diversity are a treasure trove of novel natural products. This chapter features the potential of marine-derived L-asparaginase and underlines the milestone chronicles of events in its discovery and adoption in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Further, the nanoformulation of L-asparaginase has also been discussed, and the importance of bioinspired nanocarriers and nanozymes in the development of cancer therapeutics has been highlighted.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Roorkee, Roorkee, India

    Namrata Chakravarty, Anshu Mathur & R. P. Singh

Authors
  1. Namrata Chakravarty
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  2. Anshu Mathur
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  3. R. P. Singh
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Correspondence to R. P. Singh .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Botany, Bodoland University, Rangalikhata, Deborgaon, Kokrajhar (BTR), Assam, India

    Hemen Sarma

  2. Associate Scientific Writing, Indegene, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India

    Sonam Gupta

  3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX, USA

    Mahesh Narayan

  4. Department of Botany, Mahatma Gandhi Central University, Motihari, Bihar, India

    Ram Prasad

  5. Department of Chemical Pathology School of Pathology Faculty of Health Sciences and National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Free State, Bloemfontein, Free State, South Africa

    Anand Krishnan

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Chakravarty, N., Mathur, A., Singh, R.P. (2022). L-asparaginase: Insights into the Marine Sources and Nanotechnological Advancements in Improving Its Therapeutics. In: Sarma, H., Gupta, S., Narayan, M., Prasad, R., Krishnan, A. (eds) Engineered Nanomaterials for Innovative Therapies and Biomedicine. Nanotechnology in the Life Sciences. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82918-6_4

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