Abstract
Teaching and learning constitute a socially guided event positioning a teacher and students as premier educational participants. Within this conceptualization, an effective teaching of classroom mathematics could be perceived as an instructional interplay between participants’ social placings and cultural consciousness. This interplay should recognize an educational value of a local dialogue and language to negotiate a shared meaning of certain symbolic representations that are mathematically implicated. This recalls the notion of ethnomathematics, which is the study of mathematics that illuminates the value of learning mathematics within one’s culture, the culture in which a teacher and students could be located. This chapter reflects largely on the genesis of ethnomathematics and its close association with mathematics. In the process we unpack the value of a mathematics instruction that is grounded on a proper conceptualization of ethnomathematics in African classrooms. Teaching and learning examples are then provided to model the relevance and applicability of ethnomathematics as an instructional lens to generate productive teaching approaches in mathematics classrooms. We argue that ethnomathematics should be conceptualized and recognized in mathematics classrooms as a teaching approach that zooms into students’ background and that students’ immediate environments are integrated with the euro-centric mathematics in a practical and responsive way to the curriculum.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adler, J. (2001). Teaching and learning mathematics in multilingual classrooms. Kluver Academic Publishers.
Arismendi-Pardi, E. J. (1999). What is ethnomathematics and why should we teach it? (Crossing cultures: Communicating through the curriculum). A presentation to the Centre for the Study of Diversity in Teaching and Learning in Higher Education. San Diego, California.
Ascher, M. (1991). Ethnomathematics: A multicultural view of mathematical ideas. Brooks/Cole.
Bernstein, B. (1958). Some sociological determinants of perception: An enquiry into sub-cultural differences. British Journal of Sociology (London), 9(1), 159–174.
Bernstein, B. (1996). Pedagogy, symbolic control and identity: Theory, research critique. Taylor and Francis.
Bishop, A. J. (1988). Mathematical enculturation: A cultural perspective on mathematics education. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
Boaler, J. (1997). Experiencing school mathematics: Teaching styles, sex and setting. Open University Press.
Boaler, J. (1999). Participation, knowledge and beliefs: A community perspective on mathematics learning. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 40(3), 259–281.
Cherinda, M. (2002). The use of a cultural activity in the teaching and learning of mathematics: Exploring twill weaving with a weaving board in a Mozambican classroom. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Cimen, A. (2014). Discussing ethnomathematics: Is mathematics culturally dependent? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 152, 523–528.
Cooper, B. (1992). Testing National Curriculum mathematics: Some critical comments on the treatment of “real” contexts for mathematics. Institute of Continuing and Professional Education, University of Sussex.
Cooper, B. (1998). Using Bernstein and Bourdieu to understand children’s difficulties with “realistic” mathematics testing: An exploratory study. Qualitative Studies in Education, 11(4), 511–532.
Cooper, B., & Dunne, M. (1998). Anyone for tennis? Social class differences in children’s responses to national curriculum mathematics testing. The Sociological Review, 46(1), 115–148.
Cooper, B., & Dunne, M. (2000). Assessing children’s mathematical knowledge: Social class, sex and problem-solving. Open University Press.
D’Ambrosio, U. (1990). Etnomatemática [Ethnomathematics]. Editora Ática.
D’Ambrosio, U. (2001a). What is ethnomathematics, and how can it help children in schools. Teaching Children Mathematics, 7(6), 1–4.
D’Ambrosio, U. (2016). An overview of the history of ethnomathematics. In Current and future perspectives of Ethnomathematics as a program. ICME-13 topical surveys. Springer.
D’Ambrosio, U. (1985). Ethnomathematics and its place in the history and pedagogy of mathematics. For the Learning of Mathematics, 5(1), 44–48.
D’Ambrosio, U. (2001b). Ethnomathematics: Links between traditions and mathematics. Sense Publishers.
Department of Basic Education (DBE). (2011). Curriculum and assessment policy statement 10–12 (general): Mathematics. Department of Education.
Dowling, P. (1998). The sociology of mathematics education: Mathematical myths, pedagogic texts (Vol. 7). Psychology Press.
Gerdes, P. (1988). On culture, geometrical thinking and mathematics education. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 19, 137–162. [reproduced in Powell & Frankenstein (1997), 223-244]. Gilmer, (1995).
Gerdes, P. (n.d.). Mathematics, culture and education in Africa. Centro de Estudos Moçambicanos e de Etnociência (Centre for Mozambican Studies and Ethnoscience), Universidade Pedagógica.
Gilmer, G. (1995). A definition of Ethnomathematics. ISGE Newsletter, International Study Group on Ethnomathematics, Volume11, 1, December.
Gerdes, P. (2001). Exploring the game of" Julirde": A mathematical-educational game played by Fulbe children in Cameroon. Teaching Children Mathematics, 7(6), 321–321.
Gheverghese Joseph, G. (1997). What is a square root? A study of geometrical representation in different mathematical traditions. Mathematics in School, 26, 4–9.
Herawaty, D., Widada, W., Novita, T., Waroka, L., & Lubis, A. N. M. T. (2018). Students’ metacognition on mathematical problem solving through ethnomathematics in Rejang Lebong, Indonesia. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1088(1), 012089.
Imswatama, A., & Lukman, H. S. (2018). The effectiveness of mathematics teaching material based on ethnomathematics. International Journal of Trends in Mathematics Education Research, 1(1), 35–38.
Ismael, A. (2002). An ethnomathematical study of Tchadji – about a Mancala-type board game played in Mozambique and possibilities for its use in mathematics education. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Kay, P. (1971). Explorations in mathematical anthropology. MIT Press.
Koirala, H. (1999). Teaching mathematics using everyday context: What if academic mathematics is lost? In O. Zaslavsky (Ed.), The proceedings of the 23rd PME conference. Haifa, Israel, July 25-30-1999 (pp. 3-161–3-168).
Laridon, P., & Presmeg, N. (1998). Mathematics from cultural practices for classroom use in curriculum 2005, 1: Mountain bike mathematics. Department of Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand: Pythagoras, 46/47. August/ December, 1998, 47–51.
Laridon, P., Mosimege, M., & Mogari, D. (2005). Ethnomathematics research in South Africa. In R. Vithal, J. Adler, & K. Christine (Eds.), Researching mathematics education in South Africa: Perspectives, practices and possibilities (pp. 133–160). HSRC press.
Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.
Ilyyana, K., & Rochmad, R. (2018). Analysis of problem solving ability in quadrilateral topic on model eliciting activities learning containing Ethnomathematics. Unnes Journal of Mathematics Education Research, 7(1), 130–137.
Lubieski, S. T. (2000). Problem-solving as a means towards mathematics for all: An exploratory look through a class lens. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 31(4), 454–482.
Lumpkin, B. (1996). The ancient Egyptian concept of zero and the Egyptian symbol for zero: A note on a little-known African achievement. International Study Group on Ethnomathematics, 11(2), 10–11.
Machaba, F. M. (2017). The integration of mathematics and everyday knowledge: Grade 10 mathematics and mathematical literacy learners’ solution strategies. In R. Seah, M. Horne & C. Orellana (Eds.), Proceeding of the 54th conference of the Mathematical Association of Victoria (MAV) (pp. 103–108). La Trobe University, Bundoora, Australia.
Maure, L. M., Fábrega, D., Nava, M. C., & Marimón, O. G. (2018). Articulation of Ethnomathematical knowledge in the intercultural bilingual education of the Guna people. Educational Research and Reviews, 13(8), 307–318.
Mogari, D. (2001). Geometrical thinking embedded in the construction of a kite. Pythagoras, 54, 55–56.
Mogari, D. (2002). An ethnomathematical approach to teaching and learning of some geometrical concepts. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Mogari, D. (2014). An in-service programme for introducing an ethno-mathematical approach to mathematics teachers. Africa Education Review, 11(3), 348–364.
Mosimege, M. (2012). Methodological challenges in doing ethnomathematics research. International Journal of African Renaissance studies, 7(2), 59–78.
Mosimege, M. (2016). Reclaiming our African pride through the integration of ethnomathematical studies in mathematics teaching and learning. In B. Goba & J. Naidoo (Eds.), Proceedings of the 22th annual National Congress of the Association for Mathematics Education of South Africa, reclaiming our African pride through mathematics teaching, Mpumalanga (pp. 286–300). Tshwane University of Technology.
Narayanan, A. (2011). Ethno-mathema-tics of Basotho. African Journal of Research in Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 15(3), 56–67.
Nkopodi, N., & Mosimege, M. (2009). Incorporating the indigenous game of morabaraba in the learning of mathematics. South African Journal of Education, 29, 377–392.
Nursyahidah, F., Saputro, B. A., & Rubowo, M. R. (2018). Supporting second grade lower secondary school students’ understanding of linear equation system in two variables using ethnomathematics. In IOP Conf. Ser. Inter. Cof. On math., Sci, and Edu (Vol. 983, p. 012119).
Nyabanyaba, T. (1998). Whither relevance? Mathematics teachers’ espoused meaning (s) of ‘relevance’ to students’ everyday experiences. Unpublished Masters dissertation, University of Witwatersrand: South Africa.
Nyabanyaba, T. (1999). How real is relevance? Tensions emerging in teacher’s talk within and about relevance. Pythagoras, 48, 17–25.
Nyabanyaba, T. (2002). Examinations: A critical analysis of recent trends in the ordinary level mathematics examination in Lesotho and the Impact of the trends on Basotho students’ epistemological access to the mathematics examination. Unpublished Doctoral thesis. Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand: South Africa.
Orey, D. C., & Rosa, M. (2008). Ethnomathematics and cultural representations: Teaching in highly diverse contexts. Acta Scientiae, 10(1), 27–46.
Piaget, J. (1964). Development and learning. Piaget rediscovered. School of Education, Cornell University.
Piaget, J. (2003). Part I: Cognitive development in children--Piaget development and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 40, 176–186.
Powell, A. B., & Frankenstein, M. (1997). Section V Ethnomathematical praxis in the curriculum. In Ethnomathematics: Challenging eurocentrism in mathematics education (p. 249).
Purkey, C. (1998). The ethnomathematics project: A research report to the Foundation for Research Development. RADMASTE Centre, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.
Rosa, M., & Orey, D. C. (2012). Ethnomodeling: The pedagogical action of Ethnomathematics as a program. Cuadernos de Investigación y Formación en Educación Matemática, 7(10), 205–218.
Rouse-Ball, W. W. (1960). A short account of the history of mathematics. Dover. (Original work published in 1893 and later revised in 1908.).
Sethole, G. (2004). Meaningful context or dead mock reality: Which form will the everyday take? Tshwane University of Technology (Ga-rankuwa). Pythagoras, 59, 18–25.
Shirley, P., & Palhares, P. (2013). The role of ethnomathematics in mathematics education. Revista Latinoamericana de Etnomatemática, 6(3), 4–6.
Widada, W., Herawaty, D., & Lubis, A. N. M. T. (2018). Realistic mathematics learning based on the ethnomathematics in Bengkulu to improve students’ cognitive level. Mathematics Learning, 15, 16.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Socio-cultural theory. In Mind in society. Harvard University Press.
Zaslavsky, C. (1991). World cultures in the mathematics class. For the Learning of Mathematics, 11(2), 32–36.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Machaba, F., Dhlamini, J. (2021). Ethnomathematics as a Fundamental Teaching Approach. In: Luneta, K. (eds) Mathematics Teaching and Professional Learning in sub-Sahara Africa. Research in Mathematics Education. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82723-6_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82723-6_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-82722-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-82723-6
eBook Packages: EducationEducation (R0)