Abstract
The Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) are a set of reference values for nutrients. The DRIs include values for Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). DRI tables also include Estimated Energy Requirement (EER).
The DRI provides an estimation of the nutrient intake that is adequate for the large majority of people within a specific population. The values are used for assessing and planning diets for individuals and groups.
Because the DRI is not user-friendly for the general population, other resources have been developed. In particular, the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate make recommendations for food selection by consumers. These guides are designed to be consistent with the DRI values.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Institute of Medicine Food and Nutrition Board. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Dietary Reference Intakes: A risk assessment model for establishing upper intake levels for nutrients. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US) National Academy of Sciences; 1998.
National Research Council Subcommittee on the Tenth Edition of the Recommended Dietary Allowances. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Recommended Dietary Allowances: 10th Edition. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US) Copyright (c) 1989 by the National Academy of Sciences; 1989.
Murphy SP, Yates AA, Atkinson SA, Barr SI, Dwyer J. History of nutrition: the long road leading to the dietary reference intakes for the United States and Canada. Adv Nutr. 2016;7:157–68.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes: The essential guide to nutrient requirements. Jennifer JO, Jennifer Pitzi H, Linda DM, eds. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2006.
Institute of Medicine Standing Committee on the Scientific Evaluation of Dietary Reference Intakes. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health. Dietary Reference Intakes for calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, vitamin D, and fluoride. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US) National Academy of Sciences; 1997.
Institute of Medicine (US) Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes. DRI Dietary Reference Intakes: Applications in dietary assessment. Summary Tables https://www.nal.usda.gov/sites/default/files/fnic_uploads//SummaryTables.pdf. Washington (DC): National Academies Press (US); 2000.
Lam YY, Ravussin E. Indirect calorimetry: an indispensable tool to understand and predict obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2017;71:318–22.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes for energy, carbohydrate, fiber, fat, fatty acids, cholesterol, protein, and amino acids. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press; 2005.
World Health Organization. Diet, nutrition and the prevention of chronic diseases. World Health Organization Technical Report Series. 2003;916:i–viii, 1–149, Backcover.
Zheng Y, Li Y, Satija A, et al. Association of changes in red meat consumption with total and cause specific mortality among US women and men: two prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2019;365:l2110.
Wolfe RR, Cifelli AM, Kostas G, Kim IY. Optimizing protein intake in adults: interpretation and application of the recommended dietary allowance compared with the acceptable macronutrient distribution range. Adv Nutr. 2017;8:266–75.
Slavin J, Carlson J. Carbohydrates. Adv Nutr. 2014;5:760–1.
Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs). 2020. Available at https://health.gov/our-work/food-nutrition/dietary-reference-intakes-dris. Accessed 17 May 2020.
U.S. Department of Agriculture and U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2020-2025, 9th ed. 2020. Available at DietaryGuidelines.gov. Accessed 15 August 2021.
Suggested Further Readings
Barr SI, Murphy SP, Agurs-Collins TD, Poos MI. Planning diets for individuals using the dietary reference intakes. Nutr Rev. 2003;61:352–60.
Institute of Medicine. Dietary reference intakes: the essential guide to nutrient requirements. Washington, DC: National Academies Press; 2006.
Murphy SP, Barr SI. Practice paper of the American dietetic association: using the dietary reference intakes. J Am Diet Assoc. 2011;111:762–70.
Murphy SP, Yates AA, Atkinson SA, Barr SI, Dwyer J. History of nutrition: the long road leading to the dietary reference intakes for the United States and Canada. Adv Nutr. 2016;7:157–68.
Trumbo PR, Barr SI, Murphy SP, Yates AA. Dietary reference intakes: cases of appropriate and inappropriate uses. Nutr Rev. 2013;71:657–64.
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and U.S. Department of Agriculture. 2015–2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. 8th Edition. December 2015. http://health.gov/dietaryguidelines/2015/guidelines.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Morgan-Bathke, M., McLimans, K. (2022). Dietary Reference Intakes: Cutting Through the Confusion. In: Wilson, T., Temple, N.J., Bray, G.A. (eds) Nutrition Guide for Physicians and Related Healthcare Professions. Nutrition and Health. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82515-7_39
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82515-7_39
Published:
Publisher Name: Humana, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-82514-0
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-82515-7
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)