Abstract
Nutrition is a modifiable component of disease that can have significant impact on diseases of the liver and the pancreas. These diseases are associated with both high morbidity and mortality, some of which may be prevented through nutritional optimization. In patients with cirrhosis, optimal nutrition should include a high-protein diet and vitamin supplementation. Dietary changes may include not just changes to the types of food consumed but also the manner in which it is consumed to optimize the ability of patients to consume adequate calories. Acute pancreatitis is a metabolically active inflammatory state that should be accompanied by early and nutrient-dense oral intake. Chronic pancreatitis leads to malnutrition from impaired digestion and poor nutrient absorption and therefore should be treated with supplements that replace pancreatic enzyme activity. In both diseases of the liver and the pancreas, enteral feedings must be considered if oral intake is not sufficient. The role of parenteral nutrition in both of these disease states is limited.
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Suggested Further Readings
Arvanitakis M, Ockenga J, Bezmarevic M, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis. Clin Nutr. 2020;39(3):612–31.
Palmer LB, Kuftinec G, Pearlman M, Green CH. Nutrition in cirrhosis. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2019;21(8):38.
Plauth M, Bernal W, Dasarathy S, et al. ESPEN guideline on clinical nutrition in liver disease. Clin Nutr. 2019;38(2):485–521.
Roberts KM, Nahikian-nelms M, Ukleja A, Lara LF. Nutritional aspects of acute pancreatitis. Gastroenterol Clin N Am. 2018;47(1):77–94.
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Perri, R., Bouquet, E.A. (2022). Nutrition in Patients with Diseases of the Liver and Pancreas. In: Wilson, T., Temple, N.J., Bray, G.A. (eds) Nutrition Guide for Physicians and Related Healthcare Professions. Nutrition and Health. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82515-7_21
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82515-7_21
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