Abstract
Measurement studies using particle into liquid sampler coupled with an ion chromatograph (PILS-IC), aerosol mass spectrometer (AMS), or aerosol chemical speciation monitor (ACSM) show a large fraction of organics and sulfate in fine particles in summer over the western and eastern Mediterranean. Different formation pathways of organic aerosol (OA), from anthropogenic and biogenic precursors of continental or marine origin, are discussed and quantified, using observations and modeling. The contribution of specific formation pathways, such as autoxidation of biogenic VOC precursors, is estimated. OA properties and their seasonal variation, in particular oxidation state and related solubility, are discussed. The temperature sensitivity of secondary OA formation differs for different aerosol modeling schemes, which is important to take into account when predicting aerosol in a future warmer climate. Over the Mediterranean, sea salt is an important fraction of the coarse aerosol and interacts with the soluble organic aerosol.
Chapter reviewed by Didier Hauglustaine (Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l’Environnement (LSCE), CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, IPSL, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France), as part of the book Part VI Recent Progress on Chemical Processes also reviewed by Andrea Pozzer (Max Planck Institute for Chemistry, Mainz, Germany)
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Abdallah, C., Sartelet, K., & Afif, C. (2016). Influence of boundary conditions and anthropogenic emission inventories on simulated O3 and PM2.5 concentrations over Lebanon. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 7, 971–979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2016.06.001
Abdallah, C., Afif, C., El Masri, N., Öztürk, F., Keleç, M., & Sartelet, K. (2018). A first annual assessment of air quality modeling over Lebanon using WRF/Polyphemus. Atmospheric Pollution Research, 9, 643–654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apr.2018.01.003
Ancellet, G., Pelon, J., Totems, J., Chazette, P., Bazureau, A., Sicard, M., Di Iorio, T., Dulac, F., & Mallet, M. (2016). Long-range transport and mixing of aerosol sources during the 2013 North American biomass burning episode: Analysis of multiple lidar observations in the western Mediterranean basin. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 4725–4742. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-4725-2016
Arndt, J., Sciare, J., Mallet, M., Roberts, G. C., Marchand, N., Sartelet, K., Sellegri, K., Dulac, F., Healy, R. M., & Wenger, J. C. (2017). Sources and mixing state of summertime background aerosol in the north-western Mediterranean basin. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 6975–7001. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-6975-2017
Athanasopoulou, E., Protonotariou, A. P., Bossioli, E., Dandou, A., Tombrou, M., Allan, J. D., Coe, H., Mihalopoulos, N., Kalogiros, J., Bacak, A., Sciare, J., & Biskos, G. (2015). Aerosol chemistry above an extended archipelago of the eastern Mediterranean basin during strong northern winds. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 8401–8421. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8401-2015
Becagli, S., Anello, F., Bommarito, C., Cassola, F., Calzolai, G., Di Iorio, T., di Sarra, A., Gómez-Amo, J.-L., Lucarelli, F., Marconi, M., Meloni, D., Monteleone, F., Nava, S., Pace, G., Severi, M., Sferlazzo, D. M., Traversi, R., & Udisti, R. (2017). Constraining the ship contribution to the aerosol of the central Mediterranean. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 2067–2084. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-2067-2017
Borbon, A., Afif, C., Salameh, T., Liousse, C., Thera, B., & Panopoulou, A. (2022). Anthropogenic emissions in the Mediterranean region. In F. Dulac, S. Sauvage, & E. Hamonou (Eds.), Atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean Region (Vol. 2, From air pollutant sources to impacts). Springer, this volume. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82385-6_5
Bougiatioti, A., Bezantakos, S., Stavroulas, I., Kalivitis, N., Kokkalis, P., Biskos, G., Mihalopoulos, N., Papayannis, A., & Nenes, A. (2016). Biomass-burning impact on CCN number, hygroscopicity and cloud formation during summertime in the eastern Mediterranean. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 7389–7409. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-7389-2016
Brocchi, V., Krysztofiak, G., Catoire, V., Guth, J., Marécal, V., Zbinden, R., El Amraoui, L., Dulac, F., & Ricaud, P. (2018). Intercontinental transport of biomass burning pollutants over the Mediterranean Basin during the summer 2014 ChArMEx-GLAM airborne campaign. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 6887–6906. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6887-2018
Canonaco, F., Crippa, M., Slowik, J. G., Baltensperger, U., & Prévôt, A. S. H. (2013). SoFi, an IGOR-based interface for the efficient use of the generalized multilinear engine (ME-2) for the source apportionment: ME-2 application to aerosol mass spectrometer data. Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, 6, 3649–3661. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-6-3649-2013
Carlton, A., Pinder, R., Bhave, P., & Pouliot, G. (2010). To what extent can biogenic SOA be controlled? Environmental Science & Technology, 44, 3376e3380. https://doi.org/10.1021/es903506b
Cholakian, A., Beekmann, M., Colette, A., Coll, I., Siour, G., Sciare, J., Marchand, N., Couvidat, F., Pey, J., Gros, V., Sauvage, S., Michoud, V., Sellegri, K., Colomb, A., Sartelet, K., Langley DeWitt, H., Elser, M., Prévot, A. S. H., Szidat, S., & Dulac, F. (2018). Simulation of fine organic aerosols in the western Mediterranean area during the ChArMEx 2013 summer campaign. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 7287–7312. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7287-2018
Cholakian, A., Beekmann, M., Coll, I., Ciarelli, G., & Colette, A. (2019a). Biogenic secondary organic aerosol sensitivity to organic aerosol simulation schemes in climate projections. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 13209–13226. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-13209-2019
Cholakian, A., Colette, A., Coll, I., Ciarelli, G., & Beekmann, M. (2019b). Future climatic drivers and their effect on PM10 components in Europe and the Mediterranean Sea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 4459–4484. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4459-2019
Chrit, M., Sartelet, K., Sciare, J., Pey, J., Marchand, N., Couvidat, F., Sellegri, K., & Beekmann, M. (2017). Modelling organic aerosol concentrations and properties during ChArMEx summer campaigns of 2012 and 2013 in the western Mediterranean region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 12509–12531. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-12509-2017
Chrit, M., Sartelet, K., Sciare, J., Majdi, M., Nicolas, J., Petit, J.-E., & Dulac, F. (2018a). Modeling organic aerosol concentrations and properties during winter 2014 in the northwestern Mediterranean region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 18079–18100. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-18079-2018
Chrit, M., Sartelet, K., Sciare, J., Pey, J., Nicolas, J. B., Marchand, N., Freney, E., Sellegri, K., Beekmann, M., & Dulac, F. (2018b). Aerosol sources in the western Mediterranean during summertime: A model-based approach. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 9631–9659. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-9631-2018
Ciarelli, G., Aksoyoglu, S., El Haddad, I., Bruns, E. A., Crippa, M., Poulain, L., Äijälä, M., Carbone, S., Freney, E., O’Dowd, C., Baltensperger, U., & Prévôt, A. S. H. (2017). Modelling winter organic aerosol at the European scale with CAMx: Evaluation and source apportionment with a VBS parameterization based on novel wood burning smog chamber experiments. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 7653–7669. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7653-2017
Claeys, M., Roberts, G., Mallet, M., Arndt, J., Sellegri, K., Sciare, J., Wenger, J., & Sauvage, B. (2017). Optical, physical and chemical properties of aerosols transported to a coastal site in the western Mediterranean: A focus on primary marine aerosols. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 7891–7915. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-7891-2017
Colette, A., Bessagnet, B., Vautard, R., Szopa, S., Rao, S., Schucht, S., Klimont, Z., Menut, L., Clain, G., Meleux, F., Curci, G., & Rouïl, L. (2013). European atmosphere in 2050, a regional air quality and climate perspective under CMIP5 scenarios. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 7451–7471. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-7451-2013
Couvidat, F., & Seigneur, C. (2011). Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation from isoprene oxidation under dry and humid conditions. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 893–909. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-893-2011
Couvidat, F., Debry, E., Sartelet, K. N., & Seigneur, C. (2012). A hydrophilic/hydrophobic organic (H2O) aerosol model: Development, evaluation and sensitivity analysis. Journal of Geophysical Research, 117, D10304. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD017214
Daellenbach, K. R., Kourtchev, I., Vogel, A. L., Bruns, E. A., Jiang, J., Petäjä, T., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Aksoyoglu, S., Kalberer, M., Baltensperger, U., El Haddad, I., & Prévôt, A. S. H. (2019). Impact of anthropogenic and biogenic sources on the seasonal variation in the molecular composition of urban organic aerosols: A field and laboratory study using ultra-high-resolution mass spectrometry. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 5973–5991. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5973-2019
Di Biagio, C., Formenti, P., Doppler, L., Gaimoz, C., Grand, N., Ancellet, G., Attié, J.-L., Bucci, S., Dubuisson, P., Fierli, F., Mallet, M., & Ravetta, F. (2016). Continental pollution in the Western Mediterranean basin: Large variability of the aerosol single scattering albedo and influence on the direct shortwave radiative effect. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 10591–10607. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-10591-2016
El Haddad, I., Marchand, N., Wortham, H., Piot, C., Besombes, J.-L., Cozic, J., Chauvel, C., Armengaud, A., Robin, D., & Jaffrezo, J.-L. (2011a). Primary sources of PM2.5 organic aerosol in an industrial Mediterranean city, Marseille. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 2039–2058. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2039-2011
El Haddad, I., Marchand, N., Temime-Roussel, B., Wortham, H., Piot, C., Besombes, J.-L., Baduel, C., Voisin, D., Armengaud, A., & Jaffrezo, J.-L. (2011b). Insights into the secondary fraction of the organic aerosol in a Mediterranean urban area: Marseille. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 11, 2059–2079. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2059-2011
Freney, E., Sellegri, K., Chrit, M., Adachi, K., Brito, J., Waked, A., Borbon, A., Colomb, A., Dupuy, R., Pichon, J.-M., Bouvier, L., Delon, C., Jambert, C., Durand, P., Bourianne, T., Gaimoz, C., Triquet, S., Féron, A., Beekmann, M., … Sartelet, K. (2018). Aerosol composition and the contribution of SOA formation over Mediterranean forests. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 7041–7056. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-7041-2018
Guth, J., Marécal, V., Josse, B., Arteta, J., & Hamer, P. (2018). Primary aerosol and secondary inorganic aerosol budget over the Mediterranean Basin during 2012 and 2013. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 4911–4934. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-4911-2018
Jiang, J., Aksoyoglu, S., Ciarelli, G., Oikonomakis, E., El-Haddad, I., Canonaco, F., O’Dowd, C., Ovadnevaite, J., Minguillón, M. C., Baltensperger, U., & Prévôt, A. S. H. (2019). Effects of two different biogenic emission models on modelled ozone and aerosol concentrations in Europe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 3747–3768. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3747-2019
Kim, Y., Sartelet, K., & Couvidat, F. (2019). Modeling the effect of non-ideality, dynamic mass transfer and viscosity on SOA formation in a 3-D air quality model. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 1241–1261. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-1241-2019
Konovalov, I. B., Beekmann, M., Berezin, E. V., Petetin, H., Mielonen, T., Kuznetsova, I. N., & Andreae, M. O. (2015). The role of semi-volatile organic compounds in the mesoscale evolution of biomass burning aerosol: A modeling case study of the 2010 mega-fire event in Russia. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 13269–13297. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-13269-2015
Konovalov, I. B., Beekmann, M., Golovushkin, N. A., & Andreae, M. O. (2019). Nonlinear behavior of organic aerosol in biomass burning plumes: A microphysical model analysis. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 12091–12119. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-12091-2019
Kroll, J. H., Donahue, N. M., Jimenez, J. L., Kessler, S. H., Canagaratna, M., Wilson, K. R., Altieri, K. E., Mazzoleni, L. R., Wozniak, A. S., Bluhm, H., Mysak, E. R., Smith, J. D., Kolb, C. E., & Worsnop, D. R. (2011). Carbon oxidation state as a metric for describing the chemistry of atmospheric organic aerosol. Nature Chemistry, 3, 133–139. https://doi.org/10.1038/NCHEM.948
Lanz, V. A., Prévôt, A. S. H., Alfarra, M. R., Weimer, S., Mohr, C., DeCarlo, P. F., Gianini, M. F. D., Hueglin, C., Schneider, J., Favez, O., D’Anna, B., George, C., & Baltensperger, U. (2010). Characterization of aerosol chemical composition with aerosol mass spectrometry in Central Europe: An overview. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10, 10453–10471. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-10453-2010
Majdi, M., Turquety, S., Sartelet, K., Legorgeu, C., Menut, L., & Kim, Y. (2019a). Impact of wildfires on particulate matter in the Euro-Mediterranean in 2007: Sensitivity to some parameterizations of emissions in air quality models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 785–812. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-785-2019
Majdi, M., Sartelet, K., Lanzafame, G. M., Couvidat, F., Kim, Y., Chrit, M., & Turquety, S. (2019b). Precursors and formation of secondary organic aerosols from wildfires in the Euro-Mediterranean region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 5543–5569. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-5543-2019
Mallet, M. D., D’Anna, B., Même, A., Bove, M. C., Cassola, F., Pace, G., Desboeufs, K., Di Biagio, C., Doussin, J.-F., Maille, M., Massabò, D., Sciare, J., Zapf, P., di Sarra, A. G., & Formenti, P. (2019). Summertime surface PM1 aerosol composition and size by source region at the Lampedusa island in the central Mediterranean Sea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 11123–11142. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11123-2019
Menut, L., Bessagnet, B., Khvorostyanov, D., Beekmann, M., Blond, N., Colette, A., Coll, I., Curci, G.,Foret, G., Hodzic, A., Mailler, S., Meleux, F., Monge, J.-L., Pison, I., Siour, G., Turquety, S., Valari, M., Vautard, R.,and Vivanco, M. G. (2013). CHIMERE a model for regional atmospheric composition modelling, Geosci. Model Dev.,6, 981–1028. https://doi.org/10.5194/gmd-6-981-2013
Menut, L., Mailler, S., Siour, G., Bessagnet, B., Turquety, S., Rea, G., Briant, R., Mallet, M., Sciare, J., Formenti, P., & Meleux, F. (2015). Ozone and aerosol tropospheric concentrations variability analyzed using the ADRIMED measurements and the WRF and CHIMERE models. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 6159–6182. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6159-2015
Michoud, V., Sciare, J., Sauvage, S., Dusanter, S., Léonardis, T., Gros, V., Kalogridis, C., Zannoni, N., Féron, A., Petit, J.-E., Crenn, V., Baisnée, D., Sarda-Estève, R., Bonnaire, N., Marchand, N., DeWitt, H. L., Pey, J., Colomb, A., Gheusi, F., … Locoge, N. (2017). Organic carbon at a remote site of the western Mediterranean Basin: Sources and chemistry during the ChArMEx SOP2 field experiment. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 8837–8865. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-8837-2017
Minguillón, M. C., Ripoll, A., Pérez, N., Prévôt, A. S. H., Canonaco, F., Querol, X., & Alastuey, A. (2015). Chemical characterization of submicron regional background aerosols in the western Mediterranean using an Aerosol Chemical Speciation Monitor. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 6379–6391. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-6379-2015
Navas-Guzmán, F., Martucci, G., Collaud Coen, M., Granados-Muñoz, M. J., Hervo, M., Sicard, M., & Haefele, A. (2019). Characterization of aerosol hygroscopicity using Raman lidar measurements at the EARLINET station of Payerne. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 11651–11668. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11651-2019
Pace, G., Meloni, D., & di Sarra, A. (2003). Forest fire aerosol over the Mediterranean basin during summer 2003. Journal of Geophysical Research, 110, D21202. https://doi.org/10.1029/2005JD005986
Pikridas, M., Bougiatioti, A., Hildebrandt, L., Engelhart, G. J., Kostenidou, E., Mohr, C., Prévôt, A. S. H., Kouvarakis, G., Zarmpas, P., Burkhart, J. F., Lee, B.-H., Psichoudaki, M., Mihalopoulos, N., Pilinis, C., Stohl, A., Baltensperger, U., Kulmala, M., & Pandis, S. N. (2010). The Finokalia Aerosol Measurement Experiment – 2008 (FAME-08): An overview. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 10, 6793–6806. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-6793-2010
Pun, B. K., Seigneur, C., & Lohman, K. (2006). Modeling secondary organic aerosol formation via multiphase partitioning with molecular data. Environmental Science & Technology, 40, 4722–4731. https://doi.org/10.1021/es0522736
Rea, G., Turquety, S., Menut, L., Briant, R., Mailler, S., & Siour, G. (2015). Source contributions to 2012 summertime aerosols in the Euro-Mediterranean region. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 8013–8036. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-8013-2015
Salameh, T., Sauvage, S., Afif, C., Borbon, A., & Locoge, N. (2016). Source apportionment vs. emission inventories of non-methane hydrocarbons (NMHC) in an urban area of the Middle East: Local and global perspectives. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 3595–3607. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-3595-2016
Salameh, T., Borbon, A., Afif, C., Sauvage, S., Leonardis, T., Gaimoz, C., & Locoge, N. (2017). Composition of gaseous organic carbon during ECOCEM in Beirut, Lebanon: New observational constraints for VOC anthropogenic emission evaluation in the Middle East. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 193–209. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-193-2017
Sartelet, K. N., Couvidat, F., Seigneur, C., & Roustan, Y. (2012). Impact of biogenic emissions on air quality over Europe and North America. Atmospheric Environment, 53, 131–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2011.10.046
Schepanski, K., Mallet, M., Heinold, B., & Ulrich, M. (2016). North African dust transport toward the western Mediterranean basin: Atmospheric controls on dust source activation and transport pathways during June–July 2013. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 16, 14147–14168. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-16-14147-2016
Schwier, A. N., Rose, C., Asmi, E., Ebling, A. M., Landing, W. M., Marro, S., Pedrotti, M.-L., Sallon, A., Iuculano, F., Agusti, S., Tsiola, A., Pitta, P., Louis, J., Guieu, C., Gazeau, F., & Sellegri, K. (2015). Primary marine aerosol emissions from the Mediterranean Sea during pre-bloom and oligotrophic conditions: Correlations to seawater chlorophyll a from a mesocosm study. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 15, 7961–7976. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-7961-2015
Schwier, A. N., Sellegri, K., Mas, S., Charrière, B., Pey, J., Rose, C., Temime-Roussel, B., Jaffrezo, J.-L., Parin, D., Picard, D., Ribeiro, M., Roberts, G., Sempéré, R., Marchand, N., & D’Anna, B. (2017). Primary marine aerosol physical flux and chemical composition during a nutrient enrichment experiment in mesocosms in the Mediterranean Sea. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 17, 14645–14660. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-14645-2017
Sciare, J., d’Argouges, O., Sarda-Estève, R., Gaimoz, C., Dolgorouky, C., Bonnaire, N., Favez, O., Bonsang, B., & Gros, V. (2011). Large contribution of water-insoluble secondary organic aerosols in the region of Paris (France) during wintertime. Journal of Geophysical Research, 116, d22203. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JD015756
Sellegri, K., & Rose, C. (2022). Nucleation in the Mediterranean atmosphere, In F. Dulac, S. Sauvage, & E. Hamonou (Eds.), Atmospheric chemistry in the Mediterranean Region (Vol. 2, From air pollutant sources to impacts). Springer, this volume. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82385-6_9
Shrivastava, M., Easter, R. C., Liu, X., Zelenyuk, A., Singh, B., Zhang, K., Ma, P., Chand, D., Ghan, S., Jimenez, J. L., Zhang, Q., Fast, J., Rasch, P. J., & Tiitta, P. (2015). Global transformation and fate of SOA: Implications of low-volatility SOA and gas-phase fragmentation reactions. Journal of Geophysical Research – Atmospheres, 120, 4169–4195. https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JD022563
Stavroulas, I., Bougiatioti, A., Grivas, G., Paraskevopoulou, D., Tsagkaraki, M., Zarmpas, P., Liakakou, E., Gerasopoulos, E., & Mihalopoulos, N. (2019). Sources and processes that control the submicron organic aerosol composition in an urban Mediterranean environment (Athens): A high temporal-resolution chemical composition measurement study. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 901–919. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-901-2019
Stefenelli, G., Jiang, J., Bertrand, A., Bruns, E. A., Pieber, S. M., Baltensperger, U., Marchand, N., Aksoyoglu, S., Prévôt, A. S. H., Slowik, J. G., & El Haddad, I. (2019). Secondary organic aerosol formation from smoldering and flaming combustion of biomass: A box model parameterization based on volatility basis set. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 11461–11484. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-11461-2019
Theodosi, C., Tsagkaraki, M., Zarmpas, P., Grivas, G., Liakakou, E., Paraskevopoulou, D., Lianou, M., Gerasopoulos, E., & Mihalopoulos, N. (2018). Multi-year chemical composition of the fine-aerosol fraction in Athens, Greece, with emphasis on the contribution of residential heating in wintertime. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 18, 14371–14391. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14371-2018
Waked, A., Seigneur, C., Couvidat, F., Kim, Y., Sartelet, K., Afif, C., Borbon, A., Formenti, P., & Sauvage, S. (2013). Modeling air pollution in Lebanon: Evaluation at a suburban site in Beirut during summer. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 13, 5873–5886. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-5873-2013
Wang, S., Zhou, S., Tao, Y., Tsui, W. G., Ye, J., Zhen Yu, J., Murphy, J. G., McNeill, V. F., Abbatt, J. P. D., & Chan, A. W. H. (2019). Organic peroxides and sulfur dioxide in aerosol: Source of particulate sulfate. Environmental Science & Technology, 53, 10695–10704. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.9b02591
Yttri, K. E., Simpson, D., Bergström, R., Kiss, G., Szidat, S., Ceburnis, D., Eckhardt, S., Hueglin, C., Nøjgaard, J. K., Perrino, C., Pisso, I., Prevot, A. S. H., Putaud, J.-P., Spindler, G., Vana, M., Zhang, Y.-L., & Aas, W. (2019). The EMEP Intensive Measurement Period campaign, 2008–2009: Characterizing carbonaceous aerosol at nine rural sites in Europe. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, 19, 4211–4233. https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-4211-2019
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Sartelet, K. (2022). Secondary Aerosol Formation and Their Modeling. In: Dulac, F., Sauvage, S., Hamonou, E. (eds) Atmospheric Chemistry in the Mediterranean Region. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82385-6_10
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-82385-6_10
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-82384-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-82385-6
eBook Packages: Chemistry and Materials ScienceChemistry and Material Science (R0)