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Values in Organizations: Theory, Measurement, and Theoretical Reflections

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Abstract

The concept of values is central to psychology. Values are abstract concepts representing desirable end states or attributes that transcend specific actions and situations. Typically measured at the individual or national cultural levels, we inquire if a single human value can be as relevant in the workplace as in any other environment. We then ask if we should consider organizational values, specifically, or human values, in general, when examining organizational phenomena. Are the specific measures for organizational values needed, or should we instead focus on basic human values of individuals within the workplace in order to predict and explain variables of interest? In this chapter, we reflect on these questions by delving into a prominent theory of values, Schwartz’s (Advances in Experimental Social Psychology 25:1–65, 1992) values theory and the later refined values theory (Schwartz et al., Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 103:663–688, 2012), and by exploring different values measures. We begin with a brief historical review of the development of the human values concept. This historical review is followed by a discussion on the definition of values, levels of analyses, theory, and some evidence on the measurement of values. We then present a debate on organizational values and close the chapter with propositions on how to think about organizational values and their use in the organizational context.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil

    Cláudio V. Torres & Elaine R. Neiva

  2. University of Baltimore, Baltimore, MD, USA

    Sharon Glazer

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  1. Cláudio V. Torres
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  2. Elaine R. Neiva
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  3. Sharon Glazer
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  1. Department of Human Sciences & Philosophy, State University of Feira de Santana, Feira de Santana, Bahia, Brazil

    Magno Oliveira Macambira

  2. Department of Psychology, Pontifical Catholic University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil

    Helenides Mendonça

  3. Institute of Psychology, University of Brasília, Brasília, Brasília, Brazil

    Maria das Graças Torres Paz

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Torres, C.V., Neiva, E.R., Glazer, S. (2022). Values in Organizations: Theory, Measurement, and Theoretical Reflections. In: Macambira, M.O., Mendonça, H., Paz, M.d.G.T. (eds) Assessing Organizational Behaviors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81311-6_9

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