Abstract
Among patients admitted in the intensive care units (ICU) the prevalence of malnutrition is high, often associated with poor prognosis. Approximately two-thirds of critically ill patients do not meet the energy intake goals. In 2011, analyses of multicenter cohorts led to the development of the NUTrition Risk in the Critically ill (NUTRIC) score, the first malnutrition screening tool validated with data from critically ill patients. The NUTRIC score is calculated based on a variety of routinely used variables in the ICU setting, enabling the identification of patients who would benefit from aggressive medical nutrition therapy (MNT). Its modified version, the mNUTRIC, leaves out the assessment of interleukin-6 without compromising its prognostic ability. In the more recent version (NUTRIC-SF), it is combined with frailty and sarcopenia screening tools to reflect the novel malnutrition criteria. All scores emphasize on the provision of macronutrients, with increased scores being associated with 28-day mortality, increased ICU length of stay, and duration of mechanical ventilation support. Compared with other malnutrition screening tests, the NUTRIC scores have a higher prognostic value and a lower number needed to screen (NNS), being the only tools validated in the ICU setting.
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Abbreviations
- APACHE II:
-
Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II
- ASPEN:
-
American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition
- BMI:
-
Body mass index
- BW:
-
Body weight
- CFS:
-
Clinical frailty scale
- COVID-19:
-
Coronavirus disease 2019
- EN:
-
Enteral nutrition
- GLIM:
-
Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition
- ICU:
-
Intensive care unit
- IL-6:
-
Interleukin-6
- IOI:
-
Incidence of infection
- LBM:
-
Lean body mass
- LOS:
-
Length of stay
- MNT:
-
Medical nutrition therapy
- mNUTRIC:
-
Modified NUTrition Risk in the Critically ill
- MUST:
-
Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool
- NUTRIC:
-
NUTrition Risk in the Critically ill
- NUTRIC-SF:
-
NUTrition Risk in the Critically ill – Sarcopenia Frailty
- RCT:
-
Randomized controlled trial
- SARC-Calf:
-
Strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls with calf circumference
- SARC-F:
-
Strength, assistance with walking, rising from a chair, climbing stairs, and falls
- SGA:
-
Subjective global assessment
- SMART:
-
Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound
- SOFA:
-
Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
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Grammatikopoulou, M.G., Gkiouras, K., Gouela, M., Goulis, D.G., Bogdanos, D.P. (2022). Nutritional Indicators and Illness. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Nutrition . Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_58-1
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