Biological Indicators of Oxidative Stress [Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Superoxide Dismutase] and Their Application in Nutrition

Carmo de Carvalho e Martins, Maria do; Martins; da Silva Santos Oliveira, Amanda Suellenn; da Silva, Liriane Andressa Alves; Primo, Maísa Guimarães Silva; de Carvalho Lira, Vanessa Brito

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_49-1

Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e Martins⁵,
Martins⁵,
Amanda Suellenn da Silva Santos Oliveira⁶,
Liriane Andressa Alves da Silva⁶,
Maísa Guimarães Silva Primo⁶ &
…
Vanessa Brito de Carvalho Lira⁶

Part of the book series: Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications ((BDMDA))

159 Accesses
1 Citations

Abstract

The imbalance between the oxidant and antioxidant systems leads to a biological condition defined as oxidative stress that contributes to the formation of reactive oxygen species, which are unstable molecules resulting from various processes in the body that can be highly harmful and cause a series of diseases. In this sense, the action of antioxidants becomes necessary, as they are responsible for inhibiting and reducing damage caused by free radicals in cells. However, it is possible to prevent the damage caused by exposure to pro-oxidant substances through the measurement of biological biomarkers, which are important in the evaluation of the redox state. In this chapter, we will discuss markers used to assess the capacity of free radical scavenging, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase enzymes, in addition to malondialdehyde, a biomarker used to assess lipid peroxidation. Oxidative stress biomarkers have been studied in several pathologies and can help in the diagnosis and monitoring of the progression of these diseases.

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Abbreviations

BMI:: Body mass index
CAT:: Catalase
COPD:: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
Cu-Zn-SOD:: Copper, zinc superoxide dismutase
CVD:: Cardiovascular diseases
DM2:: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
DNA:: Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNPH:: 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine
Fe-SOD:: Iron superoxide dismutase
FMOC:: 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl hydrazine
GPx:: Glutathione peroxidase
GPx-1:: Glutathione peroxidase 1
GPx-2:: Glutathione peroxidase 2
GPx-3:: Glutathione peroxidase 3
GPx-4:: Glutathione peroxidase 4
GR:: Glutathione reductase
GSH:: Reduced glutathione
GSSH:: Oxidized glutathione
H₂O₂:: Hydrogen peroxide
Hb:: Hemoglobin
HPLC:: High-performance liquid chromatography
KCN:: Potassium cyanide
LDL:: Low-density lipoproteins
LP:: Lipid peroxidation
M1dG:: 3-(2-deoxy-β-d-erythro-pentafuranosyl) pyrimido[1,2-α]purin-10(3H)-one deoxyguanosine
MDA:: Malondialdehyde
Mn-SOD:: Manganese superoxide dismutase
NADPH:: Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate
NU:: Nitrite units
O2•-:: Superoxide anion
PUFA:: Polyunsaturated fatty acids
ROS:: Reactive oxygen species
SNP:: Single-nucleotide polymorphism
SOD:: Superoxide dismutase
SOD1:: Superoxide dismutase 1
SOD2:: Superoxide dismutase 2
SOD3:: Superoxide dismutase 3
TBA:: Thiobarbituric acid
TBARS:: Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances
TXA2:: Thromboxane A2
U/g Hb:: Units per gram of hemoglobin

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Authors and Affiliations

Medicinal Plants Research Center, Department of Biophysics and Physiology, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e Martins & Martins
Postgraduate Program in Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Piaui, Teresina, Brazil
Amanda Suellenn da Silva Santos Oliveira, Liriane Andressa Alves da Silva, Maísa Guimarães Silva Primo & Vanessa Brito de Carvalho Lira

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Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e Martins
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Martins
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Amanda Suellenn da Silva Santos Oliveira
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Liriane Andressa Alves da Silva
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Maísa Guimarães Silva Primo
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Vanessa Brito de Carvalho Lira
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Correspondence to Martins .

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Biomedical Science, University of Westminster, London, UK
Vinood B. Patel
Franklin-Wilkins Bldg, Rm 4.101, 4th Fl, Kings Coll London, Sch Biomed Health Sci, London, UK
Victor R. Preedy

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Carmo de Carvalho e Martins, M.d., Martins, da Silva Santos Oliveira, A.S., da Silva, L.A.A., Primo, M.G.S., de Carvalho Lira, V.B. (2022). Biological Indicators of Oxidative Stress [Malondialdehyde, Catalase, Glutathione Peroxidase, and Superoxide Dismutase] and Their Application in Nutrition. In: Patel, V.B., Preedy, V.R. (eds) Biomarkers in Nutrition . Biomarkers in Disease: Methods, Discoveries and Applications. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_49-1

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-81304-8_49-1
Received: 01 August 2021
Accepted: 19 August 2021
Published: 12 July 2022
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-81304-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-81304-8
eBook Packages: Springer Reference Biomedicine and Life SciencesReference Module Biomedical and Life Sciences

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