Abstract
Water plays a fundamental role in protein stability. However, the effect of the properties of water on the behaviour of proteins is only partially understood. Several theories have been proposed to give insight into the mechanisms of cold and pressure denaturation, or the limits of temperature and pressure above which no protein has a stable, functional state, or how unfolding and aggregation are related. Here we review our results based on a theoretical approach that can rationalize the water contribution to protein solutions’ free energy. We show, using Monte Carlo simulations, how we can explain experimental data with our recent results. We discuss how our findings can help in developing new strategies for the design of novel synthetic biopolymers or new possible approaches for mitigating neurodegenerative pathologies.
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Abbreviations
- 2D:
-
two-dimensional
- 3D:
-
three-dimensional
- b:
-
bulk
- f:
-
folding
- GPU:
-
graphics processing unit
- h:
-
hydration
- HB:
-
hydrogen bond
- IFP:
-
inverse folding problem
- IU:
-
internal units
- MD:
-
molecular dynamics
- R:
-
residue
- SR:
-
stability region
- u:
-
unfolding
- w:
-
water
- C p :
-
isobaric heat capacity
- C p :
-
isobaric heat capacity
- F :
-
effective free energy
- H :
-
enthalpy
- k :
-
factor of compressibility
- k B :
-
Boltzmann constant
- N :
-
number of cells
- P :
-
pressure
- r :
-
distance
- S :
-
entropy
- T :
-
temperature
- V :
-
volume
- v :
-
proper volume
- α :
-
thermal expansivity factor
- b :
-
isothermal compressibility factor
- ϵ :
-
depth of the potential well
- ∆x :
-
difference in magnitude x between final and initial state
- σ :
-
bonding index
- Φ :
-
hydrophobic amino acid
- ζ :
-
hydrophilic amino acid
- χ :
-
mixed amino acids
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Acknowledgements
G.F. acknowledges the support of the Spanish Grant N. PGC2018-099277-B-C22 (MCIU/AEI/ERDF) and the support by ICREA Foundation (ICREA Academia prize). I.C. acknowledges the support of the Maria de Maeztu Units of Excellence Programme – Grant No. MDM-2017-0720 Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities, the Austrian Science Fund (FWF) project 26253-N27, the Spanish Ministerio de Economià y Competitividad (MINECO) Grant. N. FIS2017-89471-R, the Programa Red Guipuzcoana de Ciencia, Tecnología y Informacion SN 2019-CIEN-000051-01, the BIKAINTEK program (grant No. 008- B1/2020), the COST Action CA17139.
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Franzese, G., Rojas, J.À., Bianco, V., Coluzza, I. (2022). Water Contribution to the Protein Folding and Its Relevance in Protein Design and Protein Aggregation. In: Bulavin, L., Lebovka, N. (eds) Soft Matter Systems for Biomedical Applications. Springer Proceedings in Physics, vol 266. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80924-9_1
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