Skip to main content

Psychopathy

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Clinical Forensic Psychology
  • 2251 Accesses

Abstract

Psychopathy is a personality disorder most similar to Antisocial Personality Disorder and has a network of characteristics that impair interpersonal, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Psychopathy is also the most parsimonious and potent explanation for antisocial behavior in the social, behavioral, and forensic sciences. The current chapter synthesizes recent research on psychopathy and its associations with criminal careers, homicide, and sexual offending, its manifestations among correctional clients within the criminal justice system, and profiles Ted Bundy, a prolific serial sexual homicide offender and career criminal in the United States, whose personality functioning and life history instantiates psychopathy.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 49.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 64.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  • Baglivio, M. T., Epps, N., Swartz, K., Huq, M. S., Sheer, A., & Hardt, N. S. (2014). The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in the lives of juvenile offenders. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 3(2).

    Google Scholar 

  • Beaver, K. M., Boutwell, B. B., Barnes, J. C., Vaughn, M. G., & DeLisi, M. (2017). The association between psychopathic personality traits and criminal justice outcomes: Results from a nationally representative sample of males and females. Crime & Delinquency, 63(6), 708–730.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Benning, S. D., Venables, N. C., & Hall, J. R. (2018). Successful psychopathy. In C. J. Patrick (ed.), Handbook of psychopathy, second edition (pp. 585–608). The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., & Visher, C. A. (Eds.). (1986). Criminal careers and “career criminals.” National Academy Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Boduszek, D., Debowska, A., Willmott, D., Jones, A. D., DeLisi, M., & Kirkman, G. (2019). Is female psychopathy linked with child abuse? An empirical investigation using a person-centered approach. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 28(6), 708–725.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cale, J., Lussier, P., McCuish, E., & Corrado, R. (2015). The prevalence of psychopathic personality disturbances among incarcerated youth: Comparing serious, chronic, violent and sex offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 337–344.

    Google Scholar 

  • Carabellese, F., Felthous, A. R., Mandarelli, G., Montalbò, D., Tegola, D. L., Rossetto, I., Franconi, F., & Catanesi, R. (2019). Psychopathy in Italian female murderers. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 37(5), 602–613.

    Google Scholar 

  • Cardona, N., Berman, A. K., Sims-Knight, J. E., & Knight, R. A. (2020). Covariates of the severity of aggression in sexual crimes: Psychopathy and Borderline characteristics. Sexual Abuse, 32(2), 154–178.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Cleckley, H. (1941). The mask of sanity: An attempt to clarify some issues about the so-called psychopathic personality. Mosby.

    Google Scholar 

  • Coid, J., Yang, M., Ullrich, S., Roberts, A., & Hare, R. D. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(2), 65–73.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Corrado, R. R., DeLisi, M., Hart, S. D., & McCuish, E. C. (2015). Can the causal mechanisms underlying chronic, serious, and violent offending trajectories be elucidated using the psychopathy construct. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 251–261.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Cleckley’s psychopaths: Revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(1), 75–87.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M. (2001). Extreme career criminals. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(2), 239–252.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M. (2005). Career criminals in society. Sage.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M. (2009). Psychopathy is the unified theory of crime. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 7(3), 256–273.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M. (2016). Psychopathy as unified theory of crime. Palgrave Macmillan.

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M., Dansby, T., Peters, D. J., Vaughn, M. G., Shook, J. J., & Hochstetler, A. (2014). Fledgling psychopathic features and pathological delinquency: New evidence. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(3), 411–424.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M., Drury, A. J., & Elbert, M. J. (2020). Fledgling psychopaths at midlife: Forensic features, criminal careers, and coextensive psychopathology. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 1, 100006.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M., Drury, A. J., & Elbert, M. J. (2021). Psychopathy and pathological violence in a criminal career: A forensic case report. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 60, 101521.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Edens, J. F., Davis, K. M., Fernandez Smith, K., & Guy, L. S. (2013). No sympathy for the devil: Attributing psychopathic traits to capital murderers also predicts support for executing them. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4(2), 175–181.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, B., & DeLisi, M. (2019). Psychopathic killers: A meta-analytic review of the psychopathy-homicide nexus. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 44, 67–79.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Fox, B. H., Perez, N., Cass, E., Baglivio, M. T., & Epps, N. (2015). Trauma changes everything: Examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders. Child Abuse & Neglect, 46, 163–173.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garofalo, C., Neumann, C. S., & Velotti, P. (2018). Difficulties in emotion regulation and psychopathic traits in violent offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 57, 116–125.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garofalo, C., Neumann, C. S., & Velotti, P. (2020). Psychopathy and aggression: The role of emotion dysregulation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519900946

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Garofalo, C., Neumann, C. S., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Meloy, J. R. (2019). Spiteful and contemptuous: A new look at the emotional experiences related to psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 10(2), 173–184.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Geerlings, Y., Asscher, J. J., Stams, G. J. J., & Assink, M. (2019). The association between psychopathy and delinquency in juveniles: A three-level meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 101342.

    Google Scholar 

  • Gray, N. S., Blumenthal, S., Shuker, R., Wood, H., Fonagy, P., & Snowden, R. J. (2019). The triarchic model of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: Results from an offender population with personality disorder. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519853404

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1154–1163.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (1965a). Psychopathy, fear arousal and anticipated pain. Psychological Reports, 16(2), 499–502.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (1965b). Temporal gradient of fear arousal in psychopaths. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 70(6), 442–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (1966). Psychopathy and choice of immediate versus delayed punishment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71(1), 25–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy: A clinical construct whose time has come. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23(1), 25–54.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (1999). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. The Guilford Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D., McPherson, L. M., & Forth, A. E. (1988). Male psychopaths and their criminal careers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(5), 710–714.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2010). The role of antisociality in the psychopathy construct: Comment on Skeem and Cooke (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 446–454.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hawes, S. W., Boccaccini, M. T., & Murrie, D. C. (2013). Psychopathy and the combination of psychopathy and sexual deviance as predictors of sexual recidivism: Meta-analytic findings using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised. Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 233–243.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2006). Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(2), 276–287.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hildebrand, M., De Ruiter, C., & de Vogel, V. (2004). Psychopathy and sexual deviance in treated rapists: Association with sexual and nonsexual recidivism. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16(1), 1–24.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James, J., Higgs, T., & Langevin, S. (2020). Reactive and proactive aggression in sexual homicide offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 101728.

    Google Scholar 

  • Karpman, B. (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: The symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, 3, 112–137.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiehl, K. A. (2014). The psychopath whisperer: The science of those without conscience. Crown Publishers.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kosson, D. S., Garofalo, C., McBride, C. K., & Velotti, P. (2020). Get mad: Chronic anger expression and psychopathic traits in three independent samples. Journal of Criminal Justice, 67, 101672.

    Google Scholar 

  • Lehmann, R. J. B., Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., Biedermann, J., Dahle, K. P., & Mokros, A. (2019). A latent profile analysis of violent offenders based on PCL-R factor scores: Criminogenic needs and recidivism risk. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 627.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lilienfeld, S. O., Watts, A. L., & Smith, S. F. (2015). Successful psychopathy: A scientific status report. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(4), 298–303.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • McCuish, E. C., Corrado, R. R., Hart, S. D., & DeLisi, M. (2015). The role of symptoms of psychopathy in persistent violence over the criminal career into full adulthood. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 345–356.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meloy, J. R. (1988). The psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment. Rowman & Littlefield.

    Google Scholar 

  • Methot-Jones, T., Book, A., & Gauthier, N. Y. (2019). Less than human: Psychopathy, dehumanization, and sexist and violent attitudes towards women. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 250–260.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Michaud, S. G., & Aynesworth, H. (1999). The only living witness: The true story of serial sex killer ted bundy. Authorlink.

    Google Scholar 

  • Michaud, S. G., & Aynesworth, H. (2000). Ted Bundy: Conversations with a killer. Authorlink.

    Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Moffitt, T. E. (2018). Male antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(3), 177–186.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, S., & Woodworth, M. (2007). “I’m sorry I did it… but he started it”: A comparison of the official and self-reported homicide descriptions of psychopaths and non-psychopaths. Law and Human Behavior, 31(1), 91–107.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Porter, S., Woodworth, M., Earle, J., Drugge, J., & Boer, D. (2003). Characteristics of sexual homicide committed by psychopathic and non-psychopathic offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 459–470.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Reidy, T. J., & Sorensen, J. R. (2017). Prison homicides: A multidimensional comparison of perpetrators and victims. Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice, 17(2), 99–116.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rodre, S., Hedlund, J., Liljeberg, J., Kristiansson, M., Masterman, T., & Sturup, J. (2019). Psychopathy-associated personality traits influence crime-scene behavior in male homicide offenders. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 73(8), 471–474.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rule, A. (1980). The stranger beside me. W.W. Norton & Company.

    Google Scholar 

  • Sewall, L. A., & Olver, M. E. (2019). Psychopathy and treatment outcome: Results from a sexual violence reduction program. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 10(1), 59–69.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 433–445.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, N. D., Moeller, F. G., Amstadter, A. B., Svikis, D., Perera, R. A., & Bjork, J. M. (2020). The impact of parental incarceration on psychopathy, crime, and prison violence in women. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X20904695

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Thomson, N. D., Vassileva, J., Kiehl, K. A., Reidy, D., Aboutanos, M., McDougle, R., & DeLisi, M. (2019). Which features of psychopathy and impulsivity matter most for prison violence? New evidence among female prisoners. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 64, 26–33.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Trulson, C. R., Haerle, D. R., Caudill, J. W., & DeLisi, M. (2016). Lost causes: Blended sentencing, second chances, and the Texas youth commission. University of Texas Press.

    Google Scholar 

  • van Bommel, R., Uzieblo, K., Bogaerts, S., & Garofalo, C. (2018). Psychopathic traits and deviant sexual interests: The moderating role of gender. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 17(3), 256–271.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn, M. G., & DeLisi, M. (2008). Were Wolfgang’s chronic offenders psychopaths? On the convergent validity between psychopathy and career criminality. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(1), 33–42.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Vaughn, M. G., Howard, M. O., & DeLisi, M. (2008). Psychopathic personality traits and delinquent careers: An empirical examination. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 31(5), 407–416.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wolfgang, M. E., Figlio, R. M., & Sellin, T. (1972). Delinquency in a birth cohort. University of Chicago Press.

    Google Scholar 

Suggested Further Readings

  • The following works include insights from authors who have extensive research, practitioner, and clinician experiences working with the most violent and pathological offenders.

    Google Scholar 

  • DeLisi, M. (2016). Psychopathy as unified theory of crime. Palgrave Macmillan. The thesis is that psychopathy can explain conduct problems from early childhood through adulthood and that it is the best and thus “unified” theory of crime.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hare, R. D. (1999). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. The Guilford Press. The most-cited and foremost psychopathy scholar in the world and the creator of the most widely-used psychopathy instruments, this works takes his psychological research to a public audience.

    Google Scholar 

  • Kiehl, K. A. (2015). The psychopath whisperer: The science of those without conscience. Broadway Books. A renowned neuroimaging scholar who scans the brains of psychopathic offenders, this work does a great job of presenting scholarly information in a popular press way.

    Google Scholar 

  • Meloy, J. R. (1988). The psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment. Rowman & Littlefield. This work contains brilliant and unparalleled insights into the psychological functioning and emotional life of psychopaths from a forensic psychologist with extensive experience with serious offenders.

    Google Scholar 

  • Salekin, R. T., & Lynam, D. R. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of child and adolescent psychopathy. The Guilford Press. This edited volume contains contributions from a worldwide cast of scholars who focus on psychopathic features among youth.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Matt DeLisi .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

DeLisi, M. (2022). Psychopathy. In: Garofalo, C., Sijtsema, J.J. (eds) Clinical Forensic Psychology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80882-2_15

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80882-2_15

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-80881-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80882-2

  • eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics