Abstract
Psychopathy is a personality disorder most similar to Antisocial Personality Disorder and has a network of characteristics that impair interpersonal, emotional, and behavioral functioning. Psychopathy is also the most parsimonious and potent explanation for antisocial behavior in the social, behavioral, and forensic sciences. The current chapter synthesizes recent research on psychopathy and its associations with criminal careers, homicide, and sexual offending, its manifestations among correctional clients within the criminal justice system, and profiles Ted Bundy, a prolific serial sexual homicide offender and career criminal in the United States, whose personality functioning and life history instantiates psychopathy.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Baglivio, M. T., Epps, N., Swartz, K., Huq, M. S., Sheer, A., & Hardt, N. S. (2014). The prevalence of adverse childhood experiences (ACE) in the lives of juvenile offenders. Journal of Juvenile Justice, 3(2).
Beaver, K. M., Boutwell, B. B., Barnes, J. C., Vaughn, M. G., & DeLisi, M. (2017). The association between psychopathic personality traits and criminal justice outcomes: Results from a nationally representative sample of males and females. Crime & Delinquency, 63(6), 708–730.
Benning, S. D., Venables, N. C., & Hall, J. R. (2018). Successful psychopathy. In C. J. Patrick (ed.), Handbook of psychopathy, second edition (pp. 585–608). The Guilford Press.
Blumstein, A., Cohen, J., Roth, J. A., & Visher, C. A. (Eds.). (1986). Criminal careers and “career criminals.” National Academy Press.
Boduszek, D., Debowska, A., Willmott, D., Jones, A. D., DeLisi, M., & Kirkman, G. (2019). Is female psychopathy linked with child abuse? An empirical investigation using a person-centered approach. Journal of Child Sexual Abuse, 28(6), 708–725.
Cale, J., Lussier, P., McCuish, E., & Corrado, R. (2015). The prevalence of psychopathic personality disturbances among incarcerated youth: Comparing serious, chronic, violent and sex offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 337–344.
Carabellese, F., Felthous, A. R., Mandarelli, G., Montalbò, D., Tegola, D. L., Rossetto, I., Franconi, F., & Catanesi, R. (2019). Psychopathy in Italian female murderers. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 37(5), 602–613.
Cardona, N., Berman, A. K., Sims-Knight, J. E., & Knight, R. A. (2020). Covariates of the severity of aggression in sexual crimes: Psychopathy and Borderline characteristics. Sexual Abuse, 32(2), 154–178.
Cleckley, H. (1941). The mask of sanity: An attempt to clarify some issues about the so-called psychopathic personality. Mosby.
Coid, J., Yang, M., Ullrich, S., Roberts, A., & Hare, R. D. (2009). Prevalence and correlates of psychopathic traits in the household population of Great Britain. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 32(2), 65–73.
Corrado, R. R., DeLisi, M., Hart, S. D., & McCuish, E. C. (2015). Can the causal mechanisms underlying chronic, serious, and violent offending trajectories be elucidated using the psychopathy construct. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 251–261.
Crego, C., & Widiger, T. A. (2016). Cleckley’s psychopaths: Revisited. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 125(1), 75–87.
DeLisi, M. (2001). Extreme career criminals. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 25(2), 239–252.
DeLisi, M. (2005). Career criminals in society. Sage.
DeLisi, M. (2009). Psychopathy is the unified theory of crime. Youth Violence and Juvenile Justice, 7(3), 256–273.
DeLisi, M. (2016). Psychopathy as unified theory of crime. Palgrave Macmillan.
DeLisi, M., Dansby, T., Peters, D. J., Vaughn, M. G., Shook, J. J., & Hochstetler, A. (2014). Fledgling psychopathic features and pathological delinquency: New evidence. American Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(3), 411–424.
DeLisi, M., Drury, A. J., & Elbert, M. J. (2020). Fledgling psychopaths at midlife: Forensic features, criminal careers, and coextensive psychopathology. Forensic Science International: Mind and Law, 1, 100006.
DeLisi, M., Drury, A. J., & Elbert, M. J. (2021). Psychopathy and pathological violence in a criminal career: A forensic case report. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 60, 101521.
Edens, J. F., Davis, K. M., Fernandez Smith, K., & Guy, L. S. (2013). No sympathy for the devil: Attributing psychopathic traits to capital murderers also predicts support for executing them. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 4(2), 175–181.
Fox, B., & DeLisi, M. (2019). Psychopathic killers: A meta-analytic review of the psychopathy-homicide nexus. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 44, 67–79.
Fox, B. H., Perez, N., Cass, E., Baglivio, M. T., & Epps, N. (2015). Trauma changes everything: Examining the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and serious, violent and chronic juvenile offenders. Child Abuse & Neglect, 46, 163–173.
Garofalo, C., Neumann, C. S., & Velotti, P. (2018). Difficulties in emotion regulation and psychopathic traits in violent offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 57, 116–125.
Garofalo, C., Neumann, C. S., & Velotti, P. (2020). Psychopathy and aggression: The role of emotion dysregulation. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519900946
Garofalo, C., Neumann, C. S., Zeigler-Hill, V., & Meloy, J. R. (2019). Spiteful and contemptuous: A new look at the emotional experiences related to psychopathy. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 10(2), 173–184.
Geerlings, Y., Asscher, J. J., Stams, G. J. J., & Assink, M. (2019). The association between psychopathy and delinquency in juveniles: A three-level meta-analysis. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 101342.
Gray, N. S., Blumenthal, S., Shuker, R., Wood, H., Fonagy, P., & Snowden, R. J. (2019). The triarchic model of psychopathy and antisocial behavior: Results from an offender population with personality disorder. Journal of Interpersonal Violence. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260519853404
Hanson, R. K., & Morton-Bourgon, K. E. (2005). The characteristics of persistent sexual offenders: A meta-analysis of recidivism studies. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 73(6), 1154–1163.
Hare, R. D. (1965a). Psychopathy, fear arousal and anticipated pain. Psychological Reports, 16(2), 499–502.
Hare, R. D. (1965b). Temporal gradient of fear arousal in psychopaths. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 70(6), 442–445.
Hare, R. D. (1966). Psychopathy and choice of immediate versus delayed punishment. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 71(1), 25–29.
Hare, R. D. (1996). Psychopathy: A clinical construct whose time has come. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 23(1), 25–54.
Hare, R. D. (1999). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. The Guilford Press.
Hare, R. D., McPherson, L. M., & Forth, A. E. (1988). Male psychopaths and their criminal careers. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 56(5), 710–714.
Hare, R. D., & Neumann, C. S. (2010). The role of antisociality in the psychopathy construct: Comment on Skeem and Cooke (2010). Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 446–454.
Hawes, S. W., Boccaccini, M. T., & Murrie, D. C. (2013). Psychopathy and the combination of psychopathy and sexual deviance as predictors of sexual recidivism: Meta-analytic findings using the Psychopathy Checklist—Revised. Psychological Assessment, 25(1), 233–243.
Hicks, B. M., & Patrick, C. J. (2006). Psychopathy and negative emotionality: Analyses of suppressor effects reveal distinct relations with emotional distress, fearfulness, and anger-hostility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 115(2), 276–287.
Hildebrand, M., De Ruiter, C., & de Vogel, V. (2004). Psychopathy and sexual deviance in treated rapists: Association with sexual and nonsexual recidivism. Sexual Abuse: A Journal of Research and Treatment, 16(1), 1–24.
James, J., Higgs, T., & Langevin, S. (2020). Reactive and proactive aggression in sexual homicide offenders. Journal of Criminal Justice, 101728.
Karpman, B. (1941). On the need of separating psychopathy into two distinct clinical types: The symptomatic and the idiopathic. Journal of Criminal Psychopathology, 3, 112–137.
Kiehl, K. A. (2014). The psychopath whisperer: The science of those without conscience. Crown Publishers.
Kosson, D. S., Garofalo, C., McBride, C. K., & Velotti, P. (2020). Get mad: Chronic anger expression and psychopathic traits in three independent samples. Journal of Criminal Justice, 67, 101672.
Lehmann, R. J. B., Neumann, C. S., Hare, R. D., Biedermann, J., Dahle, K. P., & Mokros, A. (2019). A latent profile analysis of violent offenders based on PCL-R factor scores: Criminogenic needs and recidivism risk. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 627.
Lilienfeld, S. O., Watts, A. L., & Smith, S. F. (2015). Successful psychopathy: A scientific status report. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 24(4), 298–303.
McCuish, E. C., Corrado, R. R., Hart, S. D., & DeLisi, M. (2015). The role of symptoms of psychopathy in persistent violence over the criminal career into full adulthood. Journal of Criminal Justice, 43(4), 345–356.
Meloy, J. R. (1988). The psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment. Rowman & Littlefield.
Methot-Jones, T., Book, A., & Gauthier, N. Y. (2019). Less than human: Psychopathy, dehumanization, and sexist and violent attitudes towards women. Personality and Individual Differences, 149, 250–260.
Michaud, S. G., & Aynesworth, H. (1999). The only living witness: The true story of serial sex killer ted bundy. Authorlink.
Michaud, S. G., & Aynesworth, H. (2000). Ted Bundy: Conversations with a killer. Authorlink.
Moffitt, T. E. (1993). Adolescence-limited and life-course-persistent antisocial behavior: A developmental taxonomy. Psychological Review, 100(4), 674–701.
Moffitt, T. E. (2018). Male antisocial behaviour in adolescence and beyond. Nature Human Behaviour, 2(3), 177–186.
Porter, S., & Woodworth, M. (2007). “I’m sorry I did it… but he started it”: A comparison of the official and self-reported homicide descriptions of psychopaths and non-psychopaths. Law and Human Behavior, 31(1), 91–107.
Porter, S., Woodworth, M., Earle, J., Drugge, J., & Boer, D. (2003). Characteristics of sexual homicide committed by psychopathic and non-psychopathic offenders. Law and Human Behavior, 27, 459–470.
Reidy, T. J., & Sorensen, J. R. (2017). Prison homicides: A multidimensional comparison of perpetrators and victims. Journal of Forensic Psychology Research and Practice, 17(2), 99–116.
Rodre, S., Hedlund, J., Liljeberg, J., Kristiansson, M., Masterman, T., & Sturup, J. (2019). Psychopathy-associated personality traits influence crime-scene behavior in male homicide offenders. Nordic Journal of Psychiatry, 73(8), 471–474.
Rule, A. (1980). The stranger beside me. W.W. Norton & Company.
Sewall, L. A., & Olver, M. E. (2019). Psychopathy and treatment outcome: Results from a sexual violence reduction program. Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment, 10(1), 59–69.
Skeem, J. L., & Cooke, D. J. (2010). Is criminal behavior a central component of psychopathy? Conceptual directions for resolving the debate. Psychological Assessment, 22(2), 433–445.
Thomson, N. D., Moeller, F. G., Amstadter, A. B., Svikis, D., Perera, R. A., & Bjork, J. M. (2020). The impact of parental incarceration on psychopathy, crime, and prison violence in women. International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology. https://doi.org/10.1177/0306624X20904695
Thomson, N. D., Vassileva, J., Kiehl, K. A., Reidy, D., Aboutanos, M., McDougle, R., & DeLisi, M. (2019). Which features of psychopathy and impulsivity matter most for prison violence? New evidence among female prisoners. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 64, 26–33.
Trulson, C. R., Haerle, D. R., Caudill, J. W., & DeLisi, M. (2016). Lost causes: Blended sentencing, second chances, and the Texas youth commission. University of Texas Press.
van Bommel, R., Uzieblo, K., Bogaerts, S., & Garofalo, C. (2018). Psychopathic traits and deviant sexual interests: The moderating role of gender. International Journal of Forensic Mental Health, 17(3), 256–271.
Vaughn, M. G., & DeLisi, M. (2008). Were Wolfgang’s chronic offenders psychopaths? On the convergent validity between psychopathy and career criminality. Journal of Criminal Justice, 36(1), 33–42.
Vaughn, M. G., Howard, M. O., & DeLisi, M. (2008). Psychopathic personality traits and delinquent careers: An empirical examination. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry, 31(5), 407–416.
Wolfgang, M. E., Figlio, R. M., & Sellin, T. (1972). Delinquency in a birth cohort. University of Chicago Press.
Suggested Further Readings
The following works include insights from authors who have extensive research, practitioner, and clinician experiences working with the most violent and pathological offenders.
DeLisi, M. (2016). Psychopathy as unified theory of crime. Palgrave Macmillan. The thesis is that psychopathy can explain conduct problems from early childhood through adulthood and that it is the best and thus “unified” theory of crime.
Hare, R. D. (1999). Without conscience: The disturbing world of the psychopaths among us. The Guilford Press. The most-cited and foremost psychopathy scholar in the world and the creator of the most widely-used psychopathy instruments, this works takes his psychological research to a public audience.
Kiehl, K. A. (2015). The psychopath whisperer: The science of those without conscience. Broadway Books. A renowned neuroimaging scholar who scans the brains of psychopathic offenders, this work does a great job of presenting scholarly information in a popular press way.
Meloy, J. R. (1988). The psychopathic mind: Origins, dynamics, and treatment. Rowman & Littlefield. This work contains brilliant and unparalleled insights into the psychological functioning and emotional life of psychopaths from a forensic psychologist with extensive experience with serious offenders.
Salekin, R. T., & Lynam, D. R. (Eds.). (2011). Handbook of child and adolescent psychopathy. The Guilford Press. This edited volume contains contributions from a worldwide cast of scholars who focus on psychopathic features among youth.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
DeLisi, M. (2022). Psychopathy. In: Garofalo, C., Sijtsema, J.J. (eds) Clinical Forensic Psychology. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80882-2_15
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80882-2_15
Published:
Publisher Name: Palgrave Macmillan, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-80881-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80882-2
eBook Packages: Law and CriminologyLaw and Criminology (R0)