Abstract
Sore throat is the most common complaint seen by primary care physicians and pediatricians. The main causes of sore throat are viral or bacterial pharyngitis/tonsillitis, but also laryngitis, acute laryngo-tracheitis, sinusitis, allergic rhinitis, reflux, and lung infections, and sometimes tumors cause symptoms of a sore throat. Viral pharyngitis accounts for the vast majority of patients, only 20–30% of them are due to bacterial infection, most commonly group A beta-hemolytic streptococcus (AGBHS) [1].
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Stanford T, Bisno A, et al. Clinical Practice Guideline for the Diagnosis and Management of Group A Streptococcal Pharyngitis:2012 Update by the Infectious Disease Society of America-ISDA Guidelines. Clinical Infectious Diseases.2012: September 9, 91–17.
Guidelines&Protocols. Advisory Committee. Diagnosis and Management of Sore Throat, 2003. http://iskra.bfm.hr/upload/sore-throat-british-colombia.pdf. Accessed 27 Aug 2020.
Aung K. Viral pharyngitis clinical presentation. In: Bronze MS. Medscape. Updated: Jul 24, 2017. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225362-clinical. Accessed 27 Aug 2020.
Pelucchi C, Ginoryan L, Galeone ES, Huovinen P, Little P, Verheij T. ESMID: guidelines for the management of acute sore throat. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2012;18(Suppl 1):1–28.
Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Rheumatic Heart Disease: all but forgotten in Australia except among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples. Canberra. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Bulletin 2004 (August). Issue 16.
McCormick A, Fleming D, Charlton C. Morbidity statistics from general practice, fourth national survey 1991–92. HMSO, Office for National Statistics: London, UK; 1995.
Worrall G. Acute sore throat. Can Fam Physician. 2011 Jul;57(7):791–4.
Infants and Children Acute Management of Sore Throat. 3rd Ed. Clinical Practice Guideline. NSW Government. 2014. http://www1.health.nsw.gov.au/pds/ActivePDSDocuments/GL2014_021.pdf. Accessed 27 Aug 2020.
Bisno AL, Gerber MA, Gwaltney JM, Kaplan EL, Schwartz RH. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of group a streptococcal pharyngitis. Clin Infect Dis. 2002;35:113–25.
Acerra JR: Pharyngitis clinical presentation. In: Talevera FMedscape updated: Apr 17, 2017. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/64304-clinical.
Carillo-Marquez MA: Bacterial pharyngitis clinical presentation. In: Bronze MS Medscape updated 17, 2016. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/225243-overview.
Balfour HH, Dunmire SK, Hogquist KA. Infectious mononucleosis. Clin Transl Immunology. 2015;4(2):e33. https://doi.org/10.1038/cti.2015.1.
Wald ER. Patient education: sore throat in children (Beyond the Basics). In: Edwards MS, Torchia MM. Uptodate. http://www.uptodate.com/contents/sore-throat-in-children-beyond-the-basics. Accessed 28 Aug 2020.
Centor RM, Witherspoon JM, Dalton HP, Brody CE, Link K. The diagnosis of strep throat in adults in the emergency room. Med Decis Mak. 1981;1(3):239–46.
Aalbers J, O’Brien KK, Chan WS, et al. Predicting streptococcal pharyngitis in adults in primary care: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs and validation of the Centor score. BMC Med. 2011;9:67.
Al-Katheeri HA, et al. The diagnosis and management of tonsillitis in adults and children. Clinical Guidelines for the State of Qatar.Date issiued: December 2016.
Ebell MH, Smith MA, Barry HC, Ives K, Carey M. The rational clinical examination. Does this patient have strep throat? JAMA. 2000;284(22):2912–8.
Andrasević AT, Baudoin T, Vukelić D, Matanović SM, Bejuk D, Puzevski D, Abram M, Tesović G, Grgurev Z, Tomac G, Pristas I. ISKRA guidelines on sore throat: diagnostic and therapeutic approach--Croatian national guidelines. Lijec Vjesn. 2009;131(7–8):181–91.
McIsaac WJ, Goel V, To T, Low DE. The validity of a sore throat score in family practice. CMAJ. 2000;163(7):811–5.
Shah UK. Tonsillitis and Peritonsillar abscess guidelines clinical presentation. In: Meyers A medscape updated: Jan 19, 2017. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/871977-guidelines.
Somro A, Akram A, Khan MI, et al. Pharyngitis and sore throat: a review. Afr J Biotechnol. 2011;10(33):6190–7.
Cohen JF, Bertille N, Cohen R, Chalumeau M. Rapid antigen detection test for group a streptococcus in children with pharyngitis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016 Jul 4;7:CD010502. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD010502.pub2.
Simon HK. Pediatric pharyngitis clinical presentation. In: Steele RW Medscape Updated: 23 Aug 2017. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/967384-clinical
Murphy TP, Harrison RV, Hammoud AJ, Yen G: Pharyngitis. Guidelines for Clinical Care Ambulatory. © Regents of the University of Michigan. http://www.med.umich.edu/1info/FHP/practiceguides/pharyngitis/pharyn.pdf. (Initial Release November, 1996 Most Recent Major Update May, 2013).
Choby BA. Diagnosis and treatment of streptococcal pharyngitis. Am Family Phys. 2009;79(5):383–90.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Saat, B., Cingi, C., Scadding, G. (2022). Sore Throat. In: Cingi, C., Arısoy, E.S., Bayar Muluk, N. (eds) Pediatric ENT Infections. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80691-0_20
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80691-0_20
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-80690-3
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80691-0
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)