Abstract
This chapter described the pre-commissioning process, i.e., all those checks and tests which take place after installation and before first energization. The chapter includes background information on the aims of pre-commissioning, and especially its possible impact on safety. This chapter includes detailed descriptions of visual inspection after installation; functional checks on the transformer or reactor, coolers, tap-changer, control cabinet, and other associated equipment. This chapter includes a detailed description of various electrical tests made after installation, excluding high voltage tests requiring special equipment which are the subject of a separate short chapter. This chapter also includes a detailed description of liquid tests required after filling at site, and before first energization.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
ASTM standard D2140: Standard Practice for Calculating Carbon-Type Composition of Insulating Oils of Petroleum Origin, (2017)
CIGRE brochure 254: Dielectric Response Methods for Power Transformers. Final report of CIGRE task force D1.01.09
CIGRE brochure 342: Mechanical Condition Assessment of Transformer Windings Using Frequency Response Analysis (FRA). Final report of CIGRE working group A2.26, April (2008)
CIGRE brochure 349: Moisture Equilibrium and Moisture Migration within Transformer Insulation Systems. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.30
CIGRE brochure 414: Dielectric Response Diagnoses for Transformer Windings. Final report of CIGRE working group D1.01 (TF14), April (2021)
CIGRE brochure 436: Experience in Service with New Insulating Liquids. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.35, October (2010)
CIGRE brochure 445: Guide for Transformer Maintenance. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.34, February (2011)
CIGRE brochure 528: Guide for Preparation of Specifications for Power Transformers. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.36, April 2013
CIGRE brochure 529: Guidelines for Conducting Design Reviews for Power Transformers. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.36, April (2013)
CIGRE brochure 530: Guide for Conducting Factory Capability Assessments for Power Transformers. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.36, April (2013)
CIGRE brochure 655: Technology and Utilisation of Oil-Immersed Shunt Reactors. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.48, May (2016)
CIGRE brochure 673: Guide for Transformer Transportation. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.43, December (2016)
CIGRE brochure 755: Transformer Bushing Reliability. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.43, February (2019)
CIGRE brochure 761: Condition Assessment of Power Transformers. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.49, March (2019)
CIGRE brochure 857: On-Site Assembly, On-Site Rebuild, and On-Site High Voltage Testing of Transformers. Final report of CIGRE working group A2.59, December (2021)
CIGRE 2018 Paris session, special report for Study Committee A2
IEC standard 60137: Insulated Bushings for Alternating Voltages Above 1000V, 7th edition, June (2017)
IEC standard 60076-5: Power Transformers – Ability to withstand short-circuit, 3rd edition, February (2000)
IEC standard 60076-1: Power Transformers – General, 3rd edition, April (2011)
IEC standard 60076-18: Power Transformer – Measurement of frequency response, 1st edition, July (2012)
IEC standard 60529: Degree of Protection Provide by Enclosures (IP Code), 2nd editon, 2nd amendment, August (2013)
IEC standard 60076-11: Power Transformers – Dry-type transformers, 2nd edition, August (2018)
IEC standard 63042-301: UHV a.c. Transmission Systems – On-site acceptance tests, 1st edition, December (2018)
IEC standard 60076-15: Power Transformers – Gas-filled power transformers, 2nd edition, April (2015)
IEC standard 60296: Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications – Unused mineral insulating oils for transformers and switchgear, 5th edition, June (2020)
IEC standard 61099: Insulating Liquids – Specifications for unused synthetic organic esters for electrical purposes, 2nd edition, August (2010)
IEC standard 62770: Fluids for Electrotechnical Applications – Unused natural esters for transformers and similar equipment, 1st edition, November (2013)
IEC standard 63012: Insulating Liquids – Unused modified or blended esters for electrotechnical applications, 1st edition, May (2019)
IEC standard 60836: Specifications for Unused Silicone Insulating Liquids for Electrotechnical Purposes, 3rd edition, July (2015)
IEC standard 60422: Mineral Insulating Oils in Electrical Equipment – Supervision and maintenance guidance, 4th edition, January (2013)
IEC standard 61203: Synthetic Organic Esters for Electrical Purposes – Guide for maintenance of transformer esters in equipment, 1st edition, December (1992)
IEC standard 60944: Guide for the Maintenance of Transformer Liquids, 1st edition, September (1988)
IEEE standard C57.93-2019: IEEE Guide for Installation and Maintenance of Liquid-Immersed Power Transformers
IEEE standard C57.152-2013: IEEE Guide for Diagnostic Field Testing of Fluid-Filled Power Transformers, Regulators, and Reactors
Negi, S.K., et al.: Chapter 5. Transport, erection, testing, and commissioning. In: Power transformer standardisation manual. IEEMA, New Delhi (2014)
Spontaneous Contributions to CIGRE 2018 Paris session, Study Committee A2
Acknowledgements
The author gratefully acknowledges the assistance of all members of CIGRE working group A2.58, especially Matthew Gibson, Cornelius Plath, Simon Ryder, and Ross Willoughby. The author also gratefully acknowledges the contributions of those who have supported CIGRE working group A2.58 from the outside, and especially all those who participated in the group discussion meeting for preferential subject 3 at the 2018 Paris session and all those who completed the international survey on installation and pre-commissioning practices. The author further gratefully acknowledges the contribution of Tara-Lee MacArthur.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this entry
Cite this entry
Lapworth, J. (2022). Transformer and Reactor Pre-Commissioning. In: Bastos, G.M., Breckenridge, T., Lamb, M., MacArthur, TL., Ryder, S. (eds) Transformer and Reactor Procurement. CIGRE Green Books. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80469-5_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80469-5_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-80468-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-80469-5
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceReference Module Physical and Materials ScienceReference Module Earth and Environmental Sciences