Abstract
Heavy metals such as cadmium, chromium, lead, mercury, arsenic, nickel, zinc, and copper are critical pollutants of freshwater reservoirs due to their toxic, non-biodegradable characteristics and persistent nature. The rapid industrialization is the major cause for the contamination of heavy metals into the water body. Heavy metals are easily absorbed by flora like smaller plants and fauna like fishes of the aquatic system and higher plants also owing to their high solubility in water. The accumulation of heavy metals in the human body is persistent through the food chain.
The existing techniques for the removal of heavy metals include ion-exchange, membrane filtration, adsorption, electrochemical chemical precipitation. The more advanced processes include nanotechnology assisted treatments, membrane adsorption, and advanced oxidation processes. Invariably, each method is burdened with one or other issues and challenges. The issues and challenges of a particular process depend upon multiple factors like the quantity of pollutant, concentration level of pollutant, management of secondary pollutant, global removal facility, the requirement of the limit of concentration in the treated water and cost of treatment. The opportunities for employment of various techniques to remove the hazardous heavy metals from water in general and challenges therein have been enunciated in this chapter.
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Manna, M.S., Bhaumik, C. (2021). Opportunities and Challenges in Heavy Metal Removal from Water. In: Inamuddin, Ahamed, M.I., Lichtfouse, E., Altalhi, T. (eds) Remediation of Heavy Metals. Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World, vol 70. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80334-6_14
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