Abstract
Drainage basins play a major role in the understanding of process and form dynamics within a landscape and they are referred to as fundamental physical units recognized in hydro-geomorphological studies as having a network of inter-related attributes. Until recently, information about streams in humid tropics was limited to their description in relation to geological structure. There are gaps to fill as regards but not limited to the mechanics of how river channels and networks evolve, lithological units and channel network patterns. This study aims to provide an answer to the question ‘what role do lithology play in channel network orientation and pattern?’ Answers will be provided using slope–area curves, rose diagrams and background information on long profiles extracted from Digital Elevation Models, DEMs (30 m) within sub-basins in Upper Ogun River Basin. Six third-order basins were selected systematically and randomly for the study. Topographic properties were extracted using System for Automated Geoscientific Analysis (SAGA) version 4.0.0, a GIS software. RockWare software was used in creating rose diagrams for lineament patterns and channel networks. S–A plots show that within the bedrock channels, sediment is limited and processes operating within these channels are sometimes non-fluvial and are most often than not well defined. Therefore, transiting into bedrock channels could produce inflection points that are not quite distinct as slope–area solutions might not have enough to account for the inherent hydro-dynamic variations operating therein.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Adeyemi OO, Faniran A (2020) Lithology and channel network initiation and orientation: a case study of Upper Ogun River Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. In: Proceedings of geomorphometry conference 2020, June 22–26.
Adeyemi O, Olutoyin F, Olumide O (2020) Downstream hydraulic geometry across headwater channels in Upper Ogun River Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Afr Geogr Rev 1–16
Burke KC, Dewey JF (1972) Orogeny in Africa. In: Dessauragie AJ, Whiteman TFJ (eds) African Geology. University of Ibadan Press, Nigeria, pp 583–608
De Swardt AMJ, Ogbukagu IK, Hubbard FH (1965) 1:250,000 Geological Map of Sheet No. 60 Iwo. Geol. Survey Nigeria
Douglas I (1977) Humid landforms. Australian National Univ. Press, Canberra, p 288
Faniran A (1982) African landforms. Heinemann, Ibadan
Faniran A, Jeje LK (2000) Humid tropical geomorphology. Heinemann Educational Books (Nigeria) Plc
Faniran A, Jeje L, Ebisemiju F (2006) Essentials of geomorphology. Penthouse Publications, Ibadan, Oyo State, Nigeria
Gregory KJ, Walling DE (1973) Drainage basin form and process: a geomorphological approach. Edward Arnold (Publishers) Ltd.
Hack JT (1973) Stream-profile analysis and stream-gradient index . J Res US Geol Surv 1:421–429
Hayakawa YS, Oguchi T (2006) DEM-based identification of fluvial knickzones and its application to Japanese mountain rivers. Geomorphology 78(1–2):90–106
Huggett RJ (2007) Fundamentals of geomorphology. Routledge, Londan and New York
Jeje LK (1970) Some aspects of the geomorphology of southwestern Nigeria. Unpublished PhD thesis, University of Edinbugh
Jones HA, Hockey RD (1964) The geology of Southwestern Nigeria. Bull, Geol Surv, 31–100
Jenson SK, Domingue JO (1988) Extracting topographic structure from digital elevation data for geographicinformation system analysis. Photogram Eng Remote Sens 54(11):1593–1600
Mccleary RJ, Hassan MA, Miller D, Moore RD (2011) Spatial organization of process domains in headwater drainage basins of a glaciated foothills region with complex longitudinal profiles. Water Resour Res 47:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009800
Montgomery DR, Dietrich WE (1988) Source areas, drainage density and channel initiation. Water Resour Res 25:1907–1918
Oguntoyinbo A (1982) The climate of Ibadan. In: Filani MO, Akintola FO, Ikporukpo CO (eds) Ibadan Region. Department of Geography, University of Ibadan. Special Silver Jubilee (NGA) publication, pp 16–40
Olusola AO (2019) Process-form dynamics of upper Ogun river basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis submitted to the Department of Geography, University of Ibadan
Olusola A, Fashae O, Onafeso O, Adelabu S (2020) Morphologic and hydraulic variability of small bedrock and alluvial channels in relation to lithological controls, Upper Ogun River Basin, Southwestern Nigeria. Phys Geogr 1–21
Olusola AO, Fashae O (2019) River long profiles of selected third-order basins in Basement Complexes. In: Wade S (ed) Earth observations and geospatial science in service of sustainable development goals. Springer Nature Switzerland AG, pp 15–24
Oyawoye MO (1972) The basement complex of Nigeria. In: Dessauvagie TFJ, Whiteman A.J (ed) Africa Geology. Ibadn University Press, pp 66–102
Pedrera A, Pérez-Peña JV, Galindo-Zaldívar J, Azañón JM, Azor A (2009) Testing the sensitivity of geomorphic indices in areas of low-rate active folding (eastern Betic Cordillera, Spain). Geomorphology 105(3–4):218–231.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2008.09.026
Phillips RTJ, Desloges JR (2013) Geomorphology glacially conditioned speci fi c stream powers in low-relief river catchments of the southern Laurentian Great Lakes. Geomorphology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2013.09.030
Reinfelds I, Cohen T, Batten P, Brierley G (2004) Assessment of downstream trends in channel gradient, total and specific stream power: a GIS approach. Geomorphology 60:403–416
Strahler AN (1952) Hypsometric (area-altitude) analysis of erosional topography. Bull Geol Soc Am 63(11):1117–1142
Thomas MF (1974) Granite landforms: a review of some recurrent problems of interpretation. Inst Br Geogr, Spec Publ 7:13–37
Thornbury WD (1954) Principles of geomorphology. Wiley, New York
Thorp MB (1970) Climate and geomorphology. Geogr Viewpoint 2:77–95
Twidale CR (1976) On the survival of paleoforms. Am J Sci 276:77–95
Wigwe GA (1966) Drainage composition and valley forms in parts of northern and western Nigeria. Unpublished Ph.D. thesis, University of Ibadan
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Olusola, A.O., Onafeso, O.D., Fashae, O.A., Adelabu, S. (2022). Geomorphological Analyses of Third-Order Basins in Southwestern Nigeria. In: Shit, P.K., Bera, B., Islam, A., Ghosh, S., Bhunia, G.S. (eds) Drainage Basin Dynamics. Geography of the Physical Environment. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79634-1_21
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79634-1_21
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-79633-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-79634-1
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)