Abstract
Intra-annual variations of the surface temperature field in the western part of the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean on seasonal and synoptic scales are considered based on the NOAA OI SST and ECMWF ORA-S3 reanalysis. The relationship between areas of extreme temperature and salinity variability and the areas of their high horizontal gradients is analyzed. It is shown that the highest level of both seasonal and synoptic variability is observed over the coastal shelf of South America. In the open ocean, intense synoptic variability of sea surface temperature can be traced in the areas of maximum horizontal temperature gradients, and its maximum level is observed in the South Subtropical, Subantarctic, and Antarctic Polar frontal zones. The value of the linear correlation coefficient between the mean annual values of the root mean square deviation of the SST synoptic and total gradient of the SST in the water basin generally reaches 0.82. The level of SST seasonal variability is 4–4.5 times higher than the synoptic level in the southern part of the Drake Passage and in the South Subtropical Anticyclonic Gyre zone, it is 4–6 times higher over the coastal shelf of South America, and 2–3 times higher in frontal zones. The minimum values of the ratio of the levels of seasonal and synoptic variability of SST (2–2.5) are observed in an elongated strip covering the northern part of the Drake Passage and the northwestern part of the Scotia Sea, where a low level of SST seasonal variability and an increased level of its synoptic variability are noted. A high level of seasonal variability of temperature and salinity was found in the South Subtropical Front zone, south of the Antarctic Polar Front, and north of the Subantarctic Front. The greatest penetration depth of seasonal fluctuations in temperature and salinity fields is observed in the South Subtropical Front, where it reaches 400–600 m and 500–700 m, respectively.
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The work is performed under State Order No. 0555-2019-0003 “Experimental studies of the variability of hydrophysical, hydrochemical and bio-optical fields at different spatiotemporal scales to identify the features of climatic changes in oceanographic conditions in the Atlantic part of Antarctica.”
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Artamonov, Y.V., Skripaleva, E.A., Fedirko, A.V., Nikolsky, N.V. (2021). Intra-annual Variability of Water Structure in the Atlantic Sector of the Southern Ocean Based on the ECMWF ORA-S3 and OI SST Reanalysis. In: Morozov, E.G., Flint, M.V., Spiridonov, V.A. (eds) Antarctic Peninsula Region of the Southern Ocean. Advances in Polar Ecology, vol 6. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78927-5_5
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