Skip to main content

The Role of Infection and Immunization in the Induction of Fibromyalgia

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Fibromyalgia Syndrome

Abstract

Fibromyalgia (FM) is presented in approximately 2–8% of the population [1]. It is characterized by a chronic widespread musculoskeletal pain associated with tenderness of at least 11 of 18 defined points of palpitation [1]. Besides pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, depression, concentration, and memory problems can also be noted in FM patients [1, 2].

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 159.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Clauw D. Fibromyalgia. JAMA. 2014;311(15):1547.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Ablin JN, Shoenfeld Y, Buskila D. Fibromyalgia, infection and vaccination: two more parts in the etiological puzzle. J Autoimmun. 2006 Nov;27(3):145–52.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  3. Who.int. 2020. Vaccines and immunization [online]. Available at: https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1;

  4. Bragazzi NL, Watad A, Adawi M, Amital H, Aljadeff G, Shoenfeld Y. Adjuvants and autoimmunity: why do we develop autoantibodies, autoimmune diseases and lymphomas. Isr Med Assoc J. 2017 Jul;19(7):403–5.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Bragazzi NL, Watad A, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. Debate on vaccines and autoimmunity: do not attack the author, yet discuss it methodologically. Vaccine. 2017 Oct 9;35(42):5522–6.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Watad A, Quaresma M, Brown S, Cohen Tervaert JW, Rodríguez-Pint I, Cervera R, Perricone C, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (Shoenfeld’s syndrome) – an update. Lupus. 2017 Jun;26(7):675–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Shoenfeld Y, Agmon-Levin N. ‘ASIA’ – autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants. J Autoimmun. 2011 Feb;36(1):4–8.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Cruz-Tapias P, Agmon-Levin N, Israeli E, Anaya JM, Shoenfeld Y. Autoimmune (auto-inflammatory) syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA) – animal models as a proof of concept. Curr Med Chem. 2013;20(32):4030–6.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Watad A, Quaresma M, Bragazzi NL, Cervera R, Tervaert JWC, Amital H, Shoenfeld Y. The autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome induced by adjuvants (ASIA)/Shoenfeld syndrome: descriptive analysis of 300 patients from the international ASIA syndrome registry. Clin Rheumatol. 2018 Feb;37(2):483–93.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  10. Allen AD. Is RA27/3 rubella immunization a cause of chronic fatigue? Med Hypotheses. 1988 Nov;27(3):217–20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. Lathrop S, Ball R, Haber P, Mootrey G, Braun M, Shadomy S, Ellenberg S, Chen R, Hayes E. Adverse event reports following vaccination for Lyme disease: December 1998–July 2000. Vaccine. 2002;20(11–12):1603–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Sigal L. Summary of the first 100 patients seen at a Lyme disease referral center. Am J Med. 1990;88(6):577–81.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. Dinerman H. Lyme disease associated with fibromyalgia. Ann Int Med. 1992;117(4):281.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. Nicolson GL, Nasralla M, Haier J, Nicolson NL. Diagnosis and treatment of mycoplasmal infections in fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndromes: relationship to Gulf War illness. Biomed Therapy. 1998;16:266–71.

    Google Scholar 

  15. Akkaya N, Akkaya S, Polat Y, Turk M, Turk T, Turhal E, Sahin F. Helicobacter pylori seropositivity in fibromyalgia syndrome. Clin Rheumatol. 2010;30(1):43–9.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Buskila D, Shnaider A, Neumann L, Zilberman D, Hilzenrat N, Sikuler E. Fibromyalgia in hepatitis C virus infection: another infectious disease relationship. Arch Intern Med. 1997;157(21):2497–500. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinte.1997.00440420129014.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Rivera J, de Diego A, Trinchet M, Garcia Monforte A. Fibromyalgia-associated hepatitis C virus infection. Rheumatology. 1997;36(9):981–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  18. Thompson M, Barkhuizen A. Fibromyalgia, hepatitis C infection, and the cytokine connection. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2003;7(5):342–7.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  19. Buskila D, Atzeni F, Sarzi-Puttini P. Etiology of fibromyalgia: the possible role of infection and vaccination. Autoimmun Rev. 2008;8(1):41–3.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Simms R, Zerbini C, Ferrante N, Anthony J, Felson D, Craven D. Fibromyalgia syndrome in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Am J Med. 1992;92(4):368–74.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. Crofford L, Pillemer S, Kalogeras K, Cash J, Michelson D, Kling M, Sternberg E, Gold P, Chrousos G, Wilder R. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis perturbations in patients with fibromyalgia. Arthritis Rheum. 1994;37(11):1583–92.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Rubinstein M, Selwyn P. High prevalence of insomnia in an outpatient population with HIV infection. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998;19(3):260–5.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. Vosvick M, Gore-Felton C, Ashton E, Koopman C, Fluery T, Israelski D, Spiegel D. Sleep disturbances among HIV-positive adults. J Psychosom Res. 2004;57(5):459–63.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  24. Clifford D, Evans S, Yang Y, Acosta E, Goodkin K, Tashima K, Simpson D, Dorfman D, Ribaudo H, Gulick R. Impact of efavirenz on neuropsychological performance and symptoms in HIV-infected individuals. Ann Int Med. 2005;143(10):714.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Penzak S, Reddy Y, Grimsley S. Depression in patients with HIV infection. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 2000;57(4):376–86.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Qassem, R., Watad, A. (2021). The Role of Infection and Immunization in the Induction of Fibromyalgia. In: Ablin, J.N., Shoenfeld, Y. (eds) Fibromyalgia Syndrome . Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78638-0_21

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78638-0_21

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-78637-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-78638-0

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics