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The Mediterranean Dietary Pattern

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Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

Part of the book series: Contemporary Cardiology ((CONCARD))

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Abstract

The Mediterranean diet is among the most well researched dietary patterns for the prevention of cardiovascular (CV) disease with study types ranging from large scale observational studies to randomized controlled clinical trials. The diet is predominantly comprised of plant-based foods and whole grains, with lesser amounts of dairy products, fish, poultry, eggs, olive oil, and wine. The diet has been associated with an overall lifestyle pattern that also includes physical activity and communal gatherings making it difficult to separate out the health benefit of any individual dietary or lifestyle component. Overall, the diet has been associated with improvement in CV risk factors (lipids, blood pressure, glucometabolic state, weight), metabolic syndrome, systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial function, and CV events. With a large body of evidence for the Mediterranean diet and significant overlap with other diets shown to have benefit for CV disease reduction, dietary counseling encouraging the main components of the diet should be at the core of CV care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. North Shore University Hospital, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Jessica K. Bjorklund

  2. Zucker School of Medicine, Hempstead, NY, USA

    Jessica K. Bjorklund & Eugenia Gianos

  3. Idaho State University Wellness Center, Pocatello, ID, USA

    Carol F. Kirkpatrick

  4. Cardiovascular Prevention, Northwell Health, New Hyde Park, NY, USA

    Eugenia Gianos

  5. Western Region, Katz Institute Women’s Heart Program, Manhasset, NY, USA

    Eugenia Gianos

  6. Women’s Heart Program, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA

    Eugenia Gianos

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  1. Jessica K. Bjorklund
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  2. Carol F. Kirkpatrick
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  3. Eugenia Gianos
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Correspondence to Eugenia Gianos .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Michael J. Wilkinson

  2. Center for the Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease and Leon H. Charney Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, New York University Langone Health, New York, NY, USA

    Michael S. Garshick

  3. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA

    Pam R. Taub

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Bjorklund, J.K., Kirkpatrick, C.F., Gianos, E. (2021). The Mediterranean Dietary Pattern. In: Wilkinson, M.J., Garshick, M.S., Taub, P.R. (eds) Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease. Contemporary Cardiology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78177-4_3

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