Abstract
The paper studies the ways to solve the problem of conservation of biological resources in the interests of sustainable development in anthropogenically transformed territories on the example of protection of pre-migratory congregations of the grey crane. Material for the study was collected in 1985–2019 years. To analyze the information sources, we used sociological methods (surveys and questionnaires), surveys, and monitoring of congregations. By 2005, 125 pre-migratory congregations of grey cranes were identified, including 9 large ones (numbering more than 1000 individuals). To date, the number of clusters has decreased. At the same time, the number of cranes increased in large congregations where agricultural production is maintained. This increases the species’ vulnerability and the conservation and resource value of large congregations. Conflicts of interest in nature protection and nature management are becoming more acute. We consider four groups of conflicts, namely: (1) “Agriculture and cranes,” (2) “Hunting and cranes,” (3) “Construction of linear objects and cranes,” and (4) “Tourism and cranes.” It is shown that they do not serve as an insurmountable obstacle to preserving large clusters of cranes. The development of eco-tourism does not create new conflicts but contributes to the resolution of existing ones. The scale developed by the authors allowed us to assess for the first time the significance of pre-migratory congregations of gray cranes as a resource for the development of eco-tourism and justify the highest potential of the Baryatinsky congregation in the Nizhny Novgorod Region. Plans for the construction of the Moscow–Kazan highway, which cuts through the place where cranes spend the night and coincides with the main route of daily migration, pose an extreme threat to its existence. As a result, there will be a reduction in the number of cranes or even a complete collapse of the congregation. A resource for eco-tourism will be lost. Moving the highway line beyond the territory of the congregation will allow preserving a valuable natural object and use it effectively in the future in the interests of sustainable development of the region.
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Acknowledgements
The authors thank the Russian Birds Conservation Union for the support of studies in 2000–2005 and the Ministry of ecology and natural resources of the Nizhny Novgorod Region for the support of the current research work in 1998–2010. A large amount of research in the Privolzhsky Federal District was collected with the support of the Ministry of Education of the Russian Federation in the project “People and birds” (Mass actions of the Union for the protection of birds of Russia) as an effective mechanism for continuous environmental education of the population and the development of social partnership (No. 1815 of August 5, 2003).
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Kiseleva, N.Y., Bakka, S.V. (2023). Pre-migratory Congregations of Grey Cranes as a Resource for Sustainable Development of Territories: Conflicts and Solutions. In: Maximova, S.G., Raikin, R.I., Chibilev, A.A., Silantyeva, M.M. (eds) Advances in Natural, Human-Made, and Coupled Human-Natural Systems Research. Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, vol 252. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78105-7_12
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