Abstract
Environmental movements have always been a core subject of research within environmental sociology (Dunlap & Catton, 1979). Once largely the near sole purview of environmental sociologists, organized and collective efforts at social change in the name of the environment are now a central object of inquiry among scholars interested in social movements, business organizations, civic participation, resource governance and other topics. The result has been a marked increase in sociological research on environmental movements over the past couple of decades.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Notes
- 1.
In 2018 the ASA section on the Environment established a Committee on Racial Equity, both recognizing the lack of and seeking to increase racial diversity within the section.
- 2.
The Jevons’ Paradox suggests that increased efficiency, rather than leading to less consumption of a resource, increases consumption due to the increases in accessibility of that resource that efficiency also provides (Alcott, 2005).
References
Ackerman, G. A. (2003). Beyond arson? A threat assessment of the Earth Liberation Front. Terrorism and Political Violence, 15(4), 143–170.
Agnone, J. (2007). Amplifying public opinion: The policy impact of the US environmental movement. Social Forces, 85(4), 1593–1620.
Agyeman, J., Schlosberg, D., Craven, L., & Matthews, C. (2016). Trends and directions in environmental justice: From inequity to everyday life, community, and just sustainabilities. Annual Review of Environment and Resources, 41, 321–340.
Alcott, B. (2005). Jevons’ paradox. Ecological Economics, 54(1), 9–21.
Allen, K., Daro, V., & Holland, D. C. (2007). Becoming an environmental justice activist. In R. L. Sandler & P. C. Pezzullo (Eds.), Environmental justice and environmentalism: The social justice challenge to the environmental movement. Urban and industrial environments. Cambridge, MA: MIT.
Amenta, E. (2014). How to analyze the influence of movements. Contemporary Sociology, 43(1), 16–29.
American Sociological Association. (2018). Newsletter of the American Sociological Association’s Section on Environmental Sociology. Environmental sociology news, Fall 2018. Accessed December 6, 2019, from http://envirosoc.org/Newsletters/Fall2018.pdf
American Sociological Association. (2019). Newsletter of the American Sociological Association’s Section on Environmental Sociology, Spring 2019. Accessed December 6, 2019, from http://envirosoc.org/Newsletters/Fall2019.pdf
Andrews, K. T., & Caren, N. (2010). Making the news: Movement organizations, media attention, and the public agenda. American Sociological Review, 75(6), 841–866.
Andrews, K. T., & Edwards, B. (2004). Advocacy organizations in the U.S. political process. Annual Review of Sociology, 30(1), 479–506.
Andrews, K., & Edwards, B. (2005). The organizational structure of local environmentalism. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 10(2), 213–234.
Anguelovski, I., & Martinez-Alier, J. (2014). The ‘environmentalism of the poor’ revisited: Territory and place in disconnected global struggles. Environmental Economics, 102(2014), 167–176.
Arnold, R. (1983, February). Eco-terrorism. Reason. Accessed December 5, 2019, from https://reason.com/1983/02/01/eco-terrorism/
Auyero, J., & Swistun, D. (2009). Flammable: Environmental suffering in an Argentine shantytown. In Oxford. Oxford University Press.
Bartley, T. (2007). How foundations shape social movements: The construction of an organizational field and the rise of forest certification. Social Problems, 54(3), 229–255.
Baumgartner, F. (2006). Punctuated equilibrium theory and environmental policy. In R. Repetto (Ed.), Punctuated equilibrium and the dynamics of U.S. environmental policy (pp. 24–46). Yale University Press.
Beck, C. (2007). On the radical cusp: Ecoterrorism in the United States, 1998-2005. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 12(2), 161–176.
Bell, S. E. (2013). Our roots run deep as ironweed: Appalachian women and the fight for environmental justice. University of Illinois Press.
Bell, S. E. (2016). Fighting king coal: The challenges to micromobilization in Central Appalachia. MIT Press.
Bell, S. E., & York, R. (2010). Community economic identity: The coal industry and ideology construction in West Virginia. Rural Sociology, 75(1), 111–143.
Berkes, F. (2010). Devolution of environment and resources governance: Trends and future. Environmental Conservation, 378(4), 489–500.
Bosso, C. J. (2005). Environment, Inc: From grassroots to beltway. University of Kansas.
Boyer, R. H. W. (2018). Intermediacy and the diffusion of grassroots innovations: The case of cohousing in the United States. Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions, 26, 32–43.
Brown, P., & Ferguson, F. I. T. (1995). ‘Making a big stink’: Women’s work, women’s relationships, and toxic waste activism. Gender & Society, 9(2), 145–172.
Brown, P., & Mikkelsen, E. (1997). No safe place: Toxic waste, leukemia, and community action. University of California Press.
Brown, P., Morello-Frosch, R., & Zavestoski, S. (2011). Contested illnesses: Citizens, science, and health social movements. University of California Press.
Bullard, R. D. (1993). Confronting environmental racism: Voices from the grassroots. Southend Press.
Bullard, R. D. (2000). People of color environmental groups: 2000 directory. Environmental Justice Resource Center, Clark Atlanta University.
Bullard, R. D. (2008). Dumping in Dixie: Race, class, and environmental quality. Westview Press.
Burstein, P., & Linton, A. (2002). The impact of political parties, interest groups, and social movement organizations on public policy: Some recent evidence and theoretical concerns. Social Forces, 81(2), 380–408.
Cable, S., Shriver, T. E., & Mix, T. L. (2008). Risk society and contested illness: The case of nuclear weapons workers. American Sociological Review, 73(3), 380–401.
Carmin, J. (1999). Voluntary associations, professional organizations and the environmental movement in the United States. Environmental Politics, 8(1), 101–121.
Catton, W. R., & Dunlap, R. E. (1978). Environmental sociology: A new paradigm. The American Sociologist, 13(1), 41–49.
Catton, W. R., & Dunlap, R. E. (1980). A new ecological paradigm for a post-exuberant sociology. American Behavioral Scientist, 24, 15–47.
Cawley, R. M. (1993). Federal land, western anger: The Sagebrush Rebellion and environmental politics. University Press of Kansas.
Clement, M. T. (2011). The Jevons paradox and anthropogenic global warming: A panel analysis of state-level carbon emissions in the United States, 1963–1997. Society & Natural Resources, 24(9), 951–961.
Climate Mirror. (2016). Climate mirror: An open project to mirror public climate datasets. Retrieved from http://climatemirror.org/
Cordner, A. (2016). Toxic safety: Flame retardants, chemical controversies, and environmental health. Columbia University Press.
Dalton, R. J., Recchia, S., & Rohrschneider, R. (2003). The environmental movement and the modes of political action. Comparative Political Studies, 36(7), 743–771.
Davis, G. F., McAdam, D., Richard, W., Mayer, S., & Zald, N. (2005). Social movements and organization theory. Cambridge University Press.
Dillon, L., Walker, D., Shapiro, N., Underhill, V., Martenyi, M., Wylie, S., et al. (2017). Environmental data justice and the Trump administration: Reflections from the environmental data and governance initiative. Environmental Justice, 10(6), 186–192.
Dokshin, F. A. (2016). Whose backyard and what’s at issue? Spatial and ideological dynamics of local opposition to fracking in New York State, 2010 to 2013. American Sociological Review, 81(5), 921–948.
Dowie, M. (1996). Losing ground: American environmentalism at the close of the twentieth century. MIT.
Dunlap, R. E., & Catton, W. R. (1979). Environmental sociology. Annual Review of Sociology, 5(1), 243–273.
Dunlap, R. E., & Mertig, A. G. (1991). The evolution of the US environmental movement from 1970 to 1990: An overview. Society & Natural Resources, 4(3), 209–218.
Eady, V. (2003). Environmental justice in state policy decisions. In R. D. Bullard, J. Agyeman, & B. Evans (Eds.), Just sustainabilities development in an unequal world (pp. 168–182). Earthscan.
Edwards, B. (1995). With liberty and environmental justice for all: The emergence and challenge of grassroots environmentalism in the United States. In B. Taylor (Ed.), Ecological resistance movements: The global emergence of radical and popular environmentalism (pp. 35–55). State University New York Press.
Emerson, K., & Nabatchi, T. (2015). Collaborative governance regimes. Georgetown University Press.
Ergas, C., & Clement, M. T. (2016). Ecovillages, restitution, and the political-economic opportunity structure: An urban case study in mitigating the metabolic rift. Critical Sociology, 42(7–8), 1195–1211.
Estes, N. (2019). Our history if the future: Standing Rock versus the Dakota Access Pipeline, and the long history of indigenous resistance. Verso.
Farrell, J. (2016). Network structure and influence of the climate change counter-movement. Nature Climate Change, 6(4), 370–374.
Fisher, D. R., Campbell, L. K., & Svendsen, E. S. (2012). The organisational structure of urban environmental stewardship. Environmental Politics, 21(1), 26–48.
Freudenberg, N., & Steinsapir, C. (1991). Not in our backyards: The grassroots environmental movement. Society & Natural Resources, 4(3), 235–245.
Frickel, S. (2004). Chemical consequences: Environmental mutagens, scientist activism, and the rise of genetic toxicology. Rutgers University Press.
Frickel, S., Gibbon, S., Howard, J., Kempner, J., Ottinger, G., & Hess, D. J. (2010). Undone science: Charting social movement and civil society challenges to research agenda setting. Science, Technology, & Human Values, 35(4), 444–473.
Gerlach, L. P. (2001). The structure of social movements: Environmental activism and its opponents. In Networks and netwars: The future of terror, crime, and militancy (pp. 289–310).
Gottlieb, R. (2005). Forcing the spring: The transformation of the American environmental movement. Island Press.
Gould, K. A. (1991). The sweet smell of money: Economic dependency and local environmental political mobilization. Society & Natural Resources, 4(2), 133–150.
Gould, K. A. (1993). Pollution and perception: Social visibility and local environmental mobilization. Qualitative Sociology, 16(2), 157–178.
Gould, K. A., Weinberg, A. S., & Schnaiberg, A. (1993). Legitimating impotence: Pyrrhic victories of the modern environmental movement. Qualitative Sociology, 16(3), 207–246.
Gould, K. A., Lewis, T. L., & Roberts, J. T. (2004). Blue-green coalitions: Constraints and possibilities in the post 9-11 political environment. Journal of World-Systems Research, 10(1), 91–116.
Gray, P. W. (2013). Leaderless resistance, networked organization, and ideological hegemony. Terrorism and Political Violence, 25(5), 655–671.
Harrison, J. (2015). Coopted environmental justice? Activists’ roles in shaping EJ policy implementation. Environmental Sociology, 1(4), 1–15.
Harrison, J. (2019). From the inside out: The fight for environmental justice within government agencies. MIT.
Hess, D. J. (2009). The potentials and limitations of civil society research: Getting undone science done. Sociological Inquiry, 79(3), 306–327.
Hess, D. J., & Brown, K. P. (2017). Green tea: Clean-energy conservatism as a countermovement. Environmental Sociology, 3(1), 64–75.
Hiatt, S. R., Grandy, J. B., & Lee, B. H. (2015). Organizational responses to public and private politics: An analysis of climate change activists and US oil and gas firms. Organization Science, 26(6), 1769–1786.
Hoffman, A. J. (2001). From heresy to dogma: An institutional history of corporate environmentalism. Stanford Business Books.
Hoffman, A. J., & Bertels, S. (2009). Who is part of the environmental movement? In T. Lyons (Ed.), Good cop/bad cop: Environmental NGO’s and their strategies towards business (pp. 48–69). RFF Press.
Huitema, D., & Meijerink, S. (2010). Realizing water transitions: The role of policy entrepreneurs in water policy change. Ecology and Society, 15(2), 26.
Jacques, P. J., Dunlap, R. E., & Freeman, M. (2008). The organisation of denial: Conservative think tanks and environmental scepticism. Environmental Politics, 17(3), 349–385.
Jenkins, J. C., Carmichael, J. T., Brulle, R. J., & Boughton, H. (2017). Foundation funding of the environmental movement. American Behavioral Scientist, 61(13), 1640–1657.
Johnson, E. W. (2008). Social movement size, organizational diversity and the making of federal law. Social Forces, 86(3), 967–993.
Johnson, E. W., & Frickel, S. (2011). Ecological threat and the founding of U.S. national environmental movement organizations, 1962–1998. Social Problems, 58(3), 305–329.
Johnson, E. W., Agnone, J., & McCarthy, J. D. (2010). Movement organizations, synergistic tactics and environmental public policy. Social Forces, 88(5), 2267–2292.
Johnson, S. K. (2019). Leaking talent: How people of color are pushed out of environmental organizations. Green 2.0.
Joosse, P. (2007). Leaderless resistance and ideological inclusion: The case of the Earth Liberation Front. Terrorism and Political Violence, 19(3), 351–368.
Joosse, P. (2012). Elves, environmentalism, and ‘eco-terror’: Leaderless resistance and media coverage of the earth liberation front. Crime, Media, Culture: An International Journal, 8(1), 75–93.
Jorgenson, A. K., & Clark, B. (2012). Are the economy and the environment decoupling? A comparative international study, 1960-2005. The American Journal of Sociology, 118(1), 1–44.
Kempton, W., Holland, D. C., Bunting-Howarth, K., Hannan, E., & Payne, C. (2001). Local environmental groups: A systematic enumeration in two geographical areas. Rural Sociology, 66(4), 557–578.
Khan, M. R., Roberts, J. T., Huq, S., & Hoffmeister, V. (2018). The Paris framework for climate change capacity building. Routledge.
Kimura, A. H., & Kinchy, A. (2019). Science by the people. Rutgers University Press.
Kinchy, A. (2017). Citizen science and democracy: Participatory water monitoring in the Marcellus shale fracking boom. Science as Culture, 26(1), 88–110.
King, B. G., & Pearce, N. A. (2010). The contentiousness of markets: Politics, social movements, and institutional change in markets. Annual Review of Sociology, 36(1), 249–267.
King, B. G., & Soule, S. A. (2007). Social movements as extra-institutional entrepreneurs: The effect of protests on stock price returns. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(3), 413–442.
King, B. G., Bentele, K. G., & Soule, S. A. (2007). Protest and policymaking: Explaining fluctuation in congressional attention to rights issues, 1960–1986. Social Forces, 86(1), 137–163.
Konefal, J. (2013). Environmental movements, market-based approaches, and neoliberalization: A case study of the sustainable seafood movement. Organization & Environment, 26(3), 336–352.
Kranjac, A. W., Denney, J. T., Kimbro, R. T., Moffett, B. S., & Lopez, K. N. (2021). Neighborhood and social environmental influences on child chronic disease prevalence. Population and Environment (forthcoming).
Krauss, C. (1993). Women and toxic waste protests: Race, class and gender as resources of resistance. Qualitative Sociology, 16(3), 247–262.
Levi, M., & Murphy, G. (2006). Coalitions of contention: The case of the WTO protests in Seattle. Political Studies, 54(4), 651–670.
Levine, A. G. (1982). Love Canal: Science, politics, and people. Lexington Books.
Liévanos, R. S. (2012). Certainty, fairness, and balance: State resonance and environmental justice policy implementation. Sociological Forum, 27(2), 481–503.
Longhofer, W., & Schofer, E. (2010). National and global origins of environmental association. American Sociological Review, 75(4), 505–533.
Longhofer, W., Schofer, E., Miric, N., & Frank, D. J. (2016). NGOs, INGOs, and environmental policy reform, 1970–2010. Social Forces, 94(4), 1743–1768.
López, E. (2018). Water is life at standing rock: A case of first world resistance to global capitalism. Perspectives on Global Development and Technology, 17(1–2), 139–157.
Lounsbury, M., Ventresca, M., & Hirsch, P. M. (2003). Social movements, field frames and industry emergence: A cultural-political perspective on US recycling. Socio-Economic Review, 1(1), 71–104.
Lubitow, A. (2013). Collaborative frame construction in social movement campaigns: Bisphenol-A (BPA) and scientist–activist mobilization. Social Movement Studies, 12(4), 429–447.
MacBride, S. (2012). Recycling reconsidered. MIT.
MacKendrick, N. (2017). Out of the labs and into the streets: Scientists get political. Sociological Forum, 32(4), 896–902.
Manes, C. (1990). Green rage: Radical environmentalism and the unmaking of civilization. Little, Brown.
Mayer, B. (2009). Cross-movement coalition formation: Bridging the labor-environment divide. Sociological Inquiry, 79(2), 219–239.
McAdam, D. (1982). Political process and the development of black insurgency, 1930–1970. University of Chicago Press.
McAdam, D. (2017). Social movement theory and the prospects for climate change activism in the United States. Annual Review of Political Science, 20(1), 189–208.
McAdam, D., & Boudet, H. (2012). Putting social movements in their place: Explaining opposition to energy projects in the United States, 2000–2005. Cambridge University Press.
McCarthy, J. (2002). First world political ecology: Lessons from the wise use movement. Environment and Planning, 34(7), 1281–1302.
McCarthy, J. D., & Zald, M. N. (1977). Resource mobilization and social movements: A partial theory. American Journal of Sociology, 82(6), 1212–1241.
McCarthy, J. D., Zald, M. N., & Turner, J. (2001). The enduring vitality of the resource mobilization theory of social movements. In Handbook of sociological theory (pp. 533–565). Springer.
McCormick, S. (2009). No family history: The environmental links to breast cancer. Rowan & Littlefield Publishers.
McCormick, S., Brown, P., & Zavestoski, S. (2003). The personal is scientific, the scientific is political: The public paradigm of the environmental breast cancer movement. Sociological Forum, 18(4), 545–576.
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2000). Challenging global warming as a social problem: An analysis of the conservative movement’s counter-claims. Social Problems, 47(4), 499–522.
McCright, A. M., & Dunlap, R. E. (2003). Defeating Kyoto: The conservative movement’s impact on US climate change policy. Social Problems, 50(3), 348–373.
McDonnell, M.-H. (2015). Radical repertoires: The incidence and impact of corporate-sponsored social activism. Organization Science, 27(1), 53–71.
McDonnell, M.-H., & King, B. (2013). Keeping up appearances: Reputational threat and impression management after social movement boycotts. Administrative Science Quarterly, 58(3), 387–419.
McDonnell, M.-H., & Werner, T. (2016). Blacklisted businesses: Social activists’ challenges and the disruption of corporate political activity. Administrative Science Quarterly, 61(4), 584–620.
McLaughlin, P., & Khawaja, M. (2000). The organizational dynamics of the US environmental movement: Legitimation, resource mobilization, and political opportunity. Rural Sociology, 65(3), 422–439.
Meckling, J., Kelsey, N., Biber, E., & Zysman, J. (2015). Winning coalitions for climate policy. Science, 349(6253), 1170–1171.
Meyler, D. (2003). Understanding diversity in the radical environmental movement. Ph.D. Diss., University of Nebraska ̶ Lincoln.
Michalski, J. H. (2019). Terrorism and lethal moralism in the United States and United Kingdom, 1970–2017. British Journal of Sociology, 0(0), 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-4446.12635.
Minkler, M., Vásquez, V. B., Tajik, M., & Petersen, D. (2008). Promoting environmental justice through community-based participatory research: The role of community and partnership capacity. Health Education & Behavior, 35(1), 119–137.
Minkoff, D., & McCarthy, J. (2005). Reinvigorating the study of organizational processes in social movements. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 10(2), 289–308.
Mitchell, R. C., Mertig, A. G., & Dunlap, R. E. (1991). Twenty years of environmental mobilization: Trends among national environmental organizations. Society & Natural Resources, 4(3), 219–234.
Mix, T. L. (2011). Rally the people: Building local-environmental justice grassroots coalitions and enhancing social capital. Sociological Inquiry, 81(2), 174–194.
Mix, T. L., & Cable, S. (2006). Condescension and cross-class coalitions: Working class activists’ perspectives on the role of social status. Sociological Focus, 39(2), 99–114.
Mix, T. L., Cable, S., & Shriver, T. E. (2009). Social control and contested environmental illness: The repression of III nuclear weapons workers. Human Ecology Review, 16(2), 172–183.
Mol, A. P. J. (2000). The environmental movement in an era of ecological modernisation. Geoforum, 31(1), 45–56.
Muñoz, J., Olzak, S., & Soule, S. A. (2018). Going green: environmental protest, policy, and CO2 emissions in U.S. States, 1990–2007. Sociological Forum, 33(2), 403–421.
Murphy, G. (2005). Coalitions and the development of the global environmental movement: A double-edged sword. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 10(2), 235–250.
Norgaard, K. M. (2011). Living in denial: Climate change, emotions, and everyday life. MIT.
Olzak, S., & Johnson, E. W. (2019). The risk of occupying a broad niche for environmental social movement organizations. Mobilization, 24(2), 177–198.
Olzak, S., & Soule, S. A. (2009). Cross-cutting influences of environmental protest and legislation. Social Forces, 88(1), 201–225.
Olzak, S., Soule, S. A., Coddou, M., & Muñoz, J. (2016). Friends of foes? How social movement allies affect the passage of legislation in the U.S. Congress. Mobilization, 21(2), 213–30.
Oosterveer, P., & Spaargaren, G. (2011). Organizing consumer involvement in the greening of global food flows: The role of environmental NGOs in the case of marine fish. Environmental Politics, 20(1), 97–114.
Oreskes, N., & Conway, E. M. (2010). Merchants of doubt: How a handful of scientists obscured the truth on issues from tobacco smoke to global warming (1st ed.). Bloomsbury Press.
Pacheco, D. F., York, J. G., & Hargrave, T. J. (2014). The coevolution of industries, social movements, and institutions: Wind power in the United States. Organization Science, 25(6), 1609–1632.
Pellow, D. N. (1997). Popular epidemiology and environmental movements: Mapping active narratives for empowerment. Humanity and Society, 21(3), 307–321.
Pellow, D. N. (1999). Framing emerging environmental movement tactics: Mobilizing consensus, demobilizing conflict. Sociological Forum, 14(4), 659–683.
Pellow, D. N. (2014). Total liberation: The power and promise of animal rights and the radical earth movement. University of Minnesota Press.
Pellow, D. N., & Nyseth-Brehm, H. (2013). An environmental sociology for the twenty-first century. Annual Review of Sociology, 39(2013), 229–250.
Pellow, D. N., Schnaiberg, A., & Weinberg, A. S. (2000). Advanced industrial countries: Putting the ecological modernisation thesis to the test: The promises and performances of urban recycling. Environmental Politics, 9(1), 109–137.
Piven, F. F., & Cloward, R. A. (1979). Poor people’s movements: Why they succeed, how they fail. Vintage.
Porta, D., & Rucht, D. (2002). The dynamics of environmental campaigns. Mobilization: An International Quarterly, 7(1), 1–14.
Putnam, R. (1995). Bowling alone: America’s declining social capital. Journal of Democracy, 6(1), 65–78.
Roser-Renouf, C., Maibach, E. W., Leiserowitz, A., & Zhao, X. (2014). The genesis of climate change activism: From key beliefs to political action. Climatic Change, 125(2), 163–178.
Salazar, D. J. (1996). The mainstream-grassroots divide in the environmental movement: Environmental groups in Washington state. Social Science Quarterly, 77(3), 626–643.
Scarce, R. (1990). Eco warriors: Understanding the radical environmental movement. Noble Press.
Schlosberg, D. (1999). Networks and mobile arrangements: Organisational innovation in the US environmental justice movement. Environmental Politics, 8(1), 122–148.
Schnaiberg, A., & Gould, K. A. (2000). Environment and society: The enduring conflict. Blackburn Press.
Scott, L., & Johnson, E. W. (2017). From fringe to core: The integration of environmental sociology. Environmental Sociology, 3(1), 17–29.
Senier, L., Mayer, B., Brown, P., & Morello-Frosch, R. (2007). School custodians and green cleaners: New approaches to labor—Environment coalitions. Organization & Environment, 20(3), 304–324.
Shellenberger, M., & Nordhaus, T. (2004). The death of environmentalism: Global warming politics in a post-environmental world. Breakthrough Institute.
Sine, W. D., & Lee, B. H. (2009). Tilting at windmills? The environmental movement and the emergence of the US wind energy sector. Administrative Science Quarterly, 54(1), 123–155.
Skocpol, T. (2003). Diminished democracy: From membership to management in American civic life. University of Oklahoma Press.
Smith, R. K. (2008). ‘Ecoterrorism’?: A critical analysis of the vilification of radical environmental activists as terrorists. Environmental Law, 38, 40.
Sonnenfeld, D. A. (2002). Social movements and ecological modernization: The transformation of pulp and paper manufacturing. Development and Change, 33(1), 1–27.
Soule, S. A., & Roggeband, C. (2019). Diffusion processes within and across movements. In D. A. Snow, S. A. Soule, H. Kriesi, & H. J. McCammon (Eds.), The Wiley Blackwell companion to social movements (2nd ed., pp. 236–251). Wiley.
Stretesky, P. B., Huss, S., Lynch, M. J., Zahran, S., & Childs, B. (2011). The founding of environmental justice organizations across U.S. counties during the 1990s and 2000s: Civil rights and environmental cross-movement effects. Social Problems, 58(3), 330–360.
Szasz, A. (1994). Ecopopulism: Toxic waste and the movement for environmental justice. Vol. 1. Social movements, protest, and contention. University of Minnesota Press.
Sze, J. (2011). Asian American immigrant and refugee environmental justice activism under neoliberal urbanism. Asian American Law Journal, 18(2), 4–23.
Tarrow, S. G. (2011). Power in movement: Social movements and contentious politics. Cambridge studies in comparative politics. Cambridge University Press.
Taylor, B. (2003). Threat assessments and radical environmentalism. Terrorism and Political Violence, 15(4), 173–182.
Taylor, D. (1999). Mobilizing for environmental justice in communities of color: An emerging profile of people of color environmental groups. In J. Aley, W. Burch, B. Canover, & D. Fields (Eds.), Ecosystem management: Adaptive strategies for natural resource organizations in the 21st century (pp. 33–69). Taylor & Francis.
Taylor, D. (2000). The rise of the environmental justice paradigm: Injustice framing and the social construction of environmental discourses. American Behavioral Scientist, 43(4), 508–580.
Taylor, D. (2014). The state of diversity in environmental organizations: Mainstream NGOs, foundations, government agencies. Green 2.0 and the Raben Group.
Tilly, C. (1978). From mobilization to revolution. Addison-Wesley.
Tilly, C., Tarrow, S. G., & McAdam, D. (2001). Dynamics of contention. Cambridge University Press.
Under2 Coalition. (2019). About the Under2 coalition. Retrieved December 9, 2019, from https://www.under2coalition.org/about
Vasi, I. B. (2011). Winds of change: The environmental movement and the global development of the wind energy industry. Oxford University Press.
Vasi, I. B., Walker, E. T., Johnson, J. S., & Tan, H. F. (2015). ‘No fracking way!’ Documentary film, discursive opportunity, and local opposition against hydraulic fracturing in the United States, 2010 to 2013. American Sociological Review, 80(5), 934–959.
Walker, E. T., & Rea, C. M. (2014). The political mobilization of firms and industries. Annual Review of Sociology, 40(1), 281–304.
Walker, E. T., Martin, A. W., & McCarthy, J. D. (2008). Confronting the state, the corporation, and the academy: The influence of institutional targets on social movement repertoires. American Journal of Sociology, 114(1), 35–76.
Walker, E. T., McCarthy, J. D., & Baumgartner, F. (2011). Replacing members with managers? Mutualism among membership and nonmembership advocacy organizations in the United States. American Journal of Sociology, 116(4), 1284–1337.
Walsh, E. J., & Warland, R. (1997). Don’t burn it here: Grassroots challenges to trash incinerators. Penn State Press.
Walsh, E., Warland, R., & Smith, D. C. (1993). Backyards, NIMBYs, and incinerator sitings: Implications for social movement theory. Social Problems, 40(1), 25–38.
Weber, E. P. (2000). A new vanguard for the environment: Grass-roots ecosystem management as a new environmental movement. Society & Natural Resources, 13(3), 237–259.
Weber, K., Heinze, K. L., & DeSoucey, M. (2008). Forage for thought: Mobilizing codes in the movement for grass-fed meat and dairy products. Administrative Science Quarterly, 53(3), 529–567.
Whyte, K. P. (2016). Indigenous environmental movements and the function of governance institutions. In T. Gabrielson, C. Hall, J. M. Meyer, & D. Schlosberg (Eds.), Oxford handbook of environmental political theory (pp. 536–580). Oxford University Press.
Whyte, K. P. (2017). The Dakota access pipeline, environmental justice, and U.S. colonialism. Red Ink, 19(1), 154–169.
Wright, W. (1992). Wild knowledge: Science, language, and social life in a fragile environment. University of Minnesota Press.
York, R., & McGee, J. A. (2016). Understanding the Jevons paradox. Environmental Sociology, 2(1), 77–87.
York, R., Rosa, E. A., & Dietz, T. (2003). Footprints on the Earth: The environmental consequences of modernity. American Sociological Review, 68(2), 279–300.
Zavestoski, S., Brown, P., McCormick, S., Mayer, B., D’Ottavi, M., & Lucove, J. C. (2004). Patient activism and the struggle for diagnosis: Gulf War illnesses and other medically unexplained physical symptoms in the US. Social Science & Medicine, 58(1), 161–175.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Johnson, E.W., Burke, J. (2021). Environmental Movements in the United States. In: Schaefer Caniglia, B., Jorgenson, A., Malin, S.A., Peek, L., Pellow, D.N., Huang, X. (eds) Handbook of Environmental Sociology. Handbooks of Sociology and Social Research. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77712-8_24
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77712-8_24
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-77711-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-77712-8
eBook Packages: Biomedical and Life SciencesBiomedical and Life Sciences (R0)