Abstract
This chapter introduces the study of the etiopathogenic field of depression, i.e., the study of causes and pathways through which subjects become depressed. Our goal is not without difficulties. First of all, we encounter a theoretical problem: we still do not know well what mental illness consist of, and we don’t have a precise definition of what depression is; within psychiatric conditions, depression is particularly pleomorphic. On the other hand, empirical research has described a wide range of risk factors for psychiatric illness that led to a variety of etiopathogenic models (from genetics to sociocultural models) that have tended to develop more in isolation than in an integrated manner, which has diminished their heuristic capacity. Depression is better understood as a complex behavior of a complex system that depends on multiple causes and multiple levels of organization. Nevertheless, what remains to be known are the relationships between the properties and behaviors at the different levels. The aim of this introductory chapter is to review the clinical phenomenon we call depression by critically considering the main aspects of its psychopathological diagnosis and its conceptual history as well as to understand the epistemological relationship between the clinical picture and the various causal fields in psychiatry, proposing ways, and explaining difficulties for the integration of theories and models in depression, taking into account the most relevant findings of research. Finally, we conclude that it is necessary to develop empirical studies that include integrative models that account for the dynamic interaction between the different levels of causality.
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Jiménez, J.P., Botto, A., Fonagy, P. (2021). The Study of Depression in the Frame of the New Research Paradigm in Psychiatry. In: Jiménez, J.P., Botto, A., Fonagy, P. (eds) Etiopathogenic Theories and Models in Depression. Depression and Personality. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77329-8_1
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