Abstract
In modern data centers, recently optical interconnects are heavily deployed to manage the performance bottlenecks, owing to the inherent nature to support large-scale bandwidth at low-latencies. Due to this, optical communication has gained popularity in recent studies. However, at the physical layer, information bits are transferred through optical signals that use very narrow Gaussian pulses, normally generated by a mode lock laser. As these pulses propagate in the optical fiber, the generated power of the pulses deteriorates and thus the detrimental effect of pulse broadening takes place. Due to this, inter-symbol interference occurs at the physical layer, which results in high information loss at different data-center applications. To address the mentioned limitation, dispersion compensated fibers can be used to narrow the pulse broadening via wide Gaussian vectors. Thus, to address the challenges, the paper proposes a scheme to compensate for the detrimental effect of dispersion and amplifier noise on fiber delay lines based on the optical buffer. In simulations, it has been found that buffer fiber length cannot be ignored (as done in past studies) for power budget analysis. It is also found that buffer design is a complex problem, and successful buffer implementation depends on the number of bits stored bit rate, and dispersion, and losses of the buffer.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
Similar content being viewed by others
References
El-Bawab, T.S., Shin, J.D.: Optical packet switching in core networks: between vision and reality. IEEE Commun. Mag. 40(9), 60–66 (2002)
Srivastava, R., Bhattacharya, P., Tiwari, A.K., Pathak, V.K.: Optical data centers router design with fiber delay lines and negative acknowledgement. J. Eng. Res. 8(2), 165–176 (2020)
Singh, A., Tiwari, A.K., Bhattacharya, P.: Bit error rate analysis of hybrid buffer-based switch for optical data centers. J. Opt. Commun. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0008
Bhattacharya, P., Tiwari, A.K., Ladha, A., Tanwar, S.: A proposed buffer based load balanced optical switch with AO-NACK scheme in modern optical datacenters. In: Singh, P.K., Panigrahi, B.K., Suryadevara, N.K., Sharma, S.K., Singh, A.P. (eds.) Proceedings of ICETIT 2019. LNEE, vol. 605, pp. 95–106. Springer, Cham (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30577-2_8
Kachris, C., Tomkos, I.: A survey on optical interconnects for data centers. IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials 14(4), 1021–1036 (2012)
Srivastava, R., Gupta, V., Singh, Y.N.: Gain dynamics of EDFA in loop buffer switch. Opt. Switch. Network. 8(1), 1–11 (2011)
Bhattacharya, P., Singh, A., Kumar, A., Tiwari, A.K., Srivastava, R.: Comparative study for proposed algorithm for all-optical network with negative acknowledgement (AO-NACK). In: Proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Computer and Communication Technology, pp. 47–51. ACM (2017)
Srivastava, R., Mangal, V., Singh, R.K., Singh, Y.N.: A modified photonic switch architecture based on fiber loop memory. In: 2006 Annual IEEE India Conference, pp. 1–5. IEEE (2006)
Shukla, V., Jain, A., Srivastava, R.: Physical layer analysis of arrayed waveguide based optical switch. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res. 9(21), 10035–10050 (2014)
Srivastava, R., Bhattacharya, P., Tiwari, A.K.: Dual buffers optical based packet switch incorporating arrayed waveguide gratings. J. Eng. Res. 7(1), 1–15 (2019)
Shukla, V., Srivastava, R.: WDM fiber delay lines and AWG based optical packet switch architecture. In: Proceedings of National Conference on Innovative Trends in Computer Science Engineering (ITCSE-2015), pp. 47–49 (2015)
Singh, A., Singh, R., Bhattacharya, P., Pathak, V.K., Tiwari, A.K.: Modern optical data centers: design challenges and issues. In: Giri, V., Verma, N., Patel, R., Singh, V. (eds.) Computing Algorithms with Applications in Engineering. Algorithms for Intelligent Systems. Springer, Singapore (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-2369-4_4
Singh, A., Tiwari, A.K., Srivastava, R.: Design and analysis of hybrid optical and electronic buffer based optical packet switch. Sādhanā 43(2), 19 (2018)
Shukla, M.P., Srivastava, R.: Arrayed waveguide grating and re-circulating buffer based optical packet switch. J. Opt. Commun. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2018-0160
Bhattacharya, P., Tiwari, A., Singh, A.: Dual-buffer-based optical datacenter switch design. J. Opt. Commun. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0023
Singh, O., Khare, M.R., Sharma, S., Srivastava, R.: Q function aware optical packet switch with low packet loss rate. J. Eng. Sci. Technol. 12(3), 622–635 (2017)
Shukla, U., Singhal, N., Srivastava, R.: A large-capacity optical switch design for high-speed optical data centers. J. Opt. Commun. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2019-0217
Srivastava, R., Singh, R.K., Singh, Y.N.: Design analysis of optical loop memory. J. Lightwave Technol. 27(21), 4821–4831 (2009)
Patel, R.B., Kothari, D.K.: Design and evaluation of 3.9 Tb/s (39 ch. × 100 Gb/s) hybrid transmission Multi-carrier WDM Optical System. Int. J. Microwave Opt. Technol. 13(5), 442–453 (2018)
Kumar, R., Tripath, A.: Cross-layer optimization and cascadability of optical switches in fiber optic data networks. J. Opt. Commun. 1 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2018-0142
Shukla, V., Jain A., Srivastava, R.: Performance evaluation of an AWG based optical router. Opt. Quant. Electron. 48(1) (2016)
Singh, A., Tiwari, A.K., Pathak, V.K, Bhattacharya, P.: Blocking performance of optically switched data centers. J. Opt. Commun. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2020-0263
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Shukla, U., Singhal, N., Bhattacharya, P., Srivastava, R. (2021). Bit Error Rate Analysis of Optical Switch Buffer in Presence of Dispersion and Optical Amplifier Noise. In: Chaubey, N., Parikh, S., Amin, K. (eds) Computing Science, Communication and Security. COMS2 2021. Communications in Computer and Information Science, vol 1416. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76776-1_11
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76776-1_11
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-76775-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-76776-1
eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)