Abstract
Recently, the classification of the head pose has gained incremented attention due to the rapid development of HCI/HRI interfaces. The resoluteness of head pose plays a considerable part in interpreting the person’s focus of attention in human-robot or human-human intercommunications since it provides explicit information of his/her attentional target. This paper proposes a geometrical feature-based human head pose classification using deep convolution networks. An MTCNN framework is implemented to identify the human face and a ResNet50 layered architecture built to classify nine head poses. The system is trained with 2, 85, 000 and tested by 1, 15, 500 head pose images. The proposed system achieved \(90.00\%\) precision for nine head pose classes.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Geng, X., Xia, Y.: Head pose estimation based on multivariate label distribution. In: 2014 IEEE Conference on Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition, pp. 1837–1842. IEEE Press (2014)
Wu, S., Liang, J., Ho, J.: Head pose estimation and its application in TV viewers’ behavior analysis. In: 2016 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical & Computer Engineering, pp. 1–6. IEEE Press (2016)
Zhang, K., Zhang, Z., Li, Z., Qiao, Y.: Joint face detection and alignment using multitask cascaded convolutional networks. IEEE Signal Process. Lett. 23(10), 1499–1503 (2016)
Yan, Y., Ricci, E., Subramanian, R., Liu, G., Lanz, O., Sebe, N.: A multi-task learning framework for head pose estimation under target motion. IEEE Tran. Pattern Anal. Mach. Intell. 38(6), 1070–1083 (2016)
Saeed, A., Al-Hamadi, A., Ghoneim, A.: Head pose estimation on top of Haar-like face detection: a study using the Kinect sensor. Sensors 15(9), 20945–20966 (2015)
Djeraba, C., Lablack, A., Benabbas, Y.: Abnormal event detection. In: Djeraba, C., Lablack, A., Benabbas, Y. (eds.) Multi-Modal User Interactions in Controlled Environments, pp. 11–58. Springer, Boston (2010)
Afroze, S., Hoque, M.M.: Detection of human’s focus of attention using head pose. In: International Conference on Advanced Information and Communication Technology (2016)
Afroze, S., Hoque, M.M.: Classification of attentional focus based on head pose in multi-object scenario. In: Vasant, P., Zelinka, I., Weber, G.W. (eds.) Intelligent Computing & Optimization, vol. 1072, pp. 349–360. Springer, Cham (2019)
Li, S., Chan, A.B.: 3D human pose estimation from monocular images with deep convolutional neural network. In: Asian Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 332–347. Springer (2015)
Fanelli, G., Dantone, M., Gall, J., Fossati, A., Gool, L.V.: Random forests for real time 3D face analysis. Int. J. Comput. Vis. 101(3), 437–458 (2013)
Borghi, G., Venturelli, M., Vezzani, R., Cucchiara, R.: Poseidon: face-from-depth for driver pose estimation. Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition. arxiv.org/abs/1611.10195 (2017)
Vatahska, T., Bennewitz, M., Behnke, S.: Feature-based head pose estimation from images. In: 7th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, pp. 330–335. IEEE Press (2007)
Patacchiola, M., Cangelosi, A.: Head pose estimation in the wild using convolutional neural networks and adaptive gradient methods. Pat. Rec. 71, 132–143 (2017)
Orozco, J., Gong, S., Xiang, T.: Head pose classification in crowded scenes. In: British Machine Vision Conference, pp. 1–11 (2009)
Khan, K., Mauro, M., Migliorati, P., Leonardi, R.: Head pose estimation through multi-class face segmentation. In: IEEE International Conference on Multimedia & Expo, pp. 175–180. IEEE Press (2017)
Hara, K., Chellappa, R.: Growing regression forests by classification: applications to object pose estimation. In: European Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 552–567. Springer (2014)
He, K., Zhang, X., Ren, S., Sun, J.: Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: IEEE Conference on Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition, pp. 770-778. IEEE Press (2016)
Simonyan, K., Zisserman, A.: Very deep convolutional networks for large-scale image recognition. Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. arXiv:1409.1556 [cs.CV] (2015)
Gourier, N., Hall, D., Crowley, J.L.: Estimating face orientation from robust detection of salient facial structures. In: FG Net Workshop on Visual Observation of Deictic Gestures (2004)
Lee, D., Yang, M., Oh, S.: Fast and accurate head pose estimation via random projection forests. In: International Conference on Computer Vision, pp. 1958–1966. IEEE Press (2015)
Hasan, I., Tsesmelis, T., Galasso, F., Cristani, M., Del Bue, A., Cristani, M.: Tiny head pose classification by bodily cues. In: IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, pp. 2662–2666. IEEE Press (2017)
Acknowledgement
This work was supported by ICT Division, Ministry of Posts, Telecommunications and Information Technology, Bangladesh.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this paper
Cite this paper
Afroze, S., Hoque, M.M. (2021). Head Pose Classification Based on Deep Convolution Networks. In: Misra, R., Kesswani, N., Rajarajan, M., Bharadwaj, V., Patel, A. (eds) Internet of Things and Connected Technologies. ICIoTCT 2020. Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, vol 1382. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76736-5_42
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76736-5_42
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-76735-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-76736-5
eBook Packages: EngineeringEngineering (R0)