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Biochemistry of Non-collagenous Proteins of Bone

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Extracellular Matrix Biomineralization of Dental Tissue Structures

Part of the book series: Biology of Extracellular Matrix ((BEM,volume 10))

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Abstract

Bone is a unique biological composite structure composed of an extracellular phase called osteoid in which is embedded living cells (osteoblasts and osteocytes). The cells synthesize and secrete the organic extracellular matrix of bone. They do so in a manner that reflects and anticipates their biomechanical force environment and provides a viable home (lacunae and associated dendrites) which facilitates nutrition and communication with other embedded osteocytes. Osteoid becomes mineralized, e.g., a process in which crystalline calcium hydroxyapatite crystals are formed and deposited along and among collagen fibrils. In addition to osteoblasts, bone also contains nerves that provide sensation and vascular channels which provide nutrition, oxygen, waste removal, and a source of calcium and phosphorus. As discussed elsewhere in this text, bones serve several key systemic functions: a dynamic reservoir for calcium and phosphorus, a rigid framework that allows for erect stance as well as an attachment of muscles and tendons facilitating movement, and protection for vital internal organs such as the heart, brain, and internal organs. Non-collagenous proteins of bone, as described herein, greatly increase the functionality of bone and directly/indirectly mediate many of its unusual properties.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Jeffrey P. Gorski

  2. Center of Excellence in the Study of Dental and Musculoskeletal Tissues, University of Missouri-Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA

    Jeffrey P. Gorski

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  1. Jeffrey P. Gorski
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Correspondence to Jeffrey P. Gorski .

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  1. Faculty of Fundamental and Biomedical Sciences, Paris Cite University INSERM UMR-S 1124, Paris, France

    Michel Goldberg

  2. Department of Orofacial Sciences, UCSF School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, USA

    Pamela Den Besten

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Gorski, J.P. (2021). Biochemistry of Non-collagenous Proteins of Bone. In: Goldberg, M., Den Besten, P. (eds) Extracellular Matrix Biomineralization of Dental Tissue Structures. Biology of Extracellular Matrix, vol 10. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-76283-4_8

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