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Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome

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Movement Disorder Emergencies

Part of the book series: Current Clinical Neurology ((CCNEU))

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Abstract

Since the original description of neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS) over 60 years ago, a wealth of clinical data has accumulated on the clinical features, treatment, and pathogenesis of this uncommon but potentially deadly drug reaction. As a result, substantial progress has been achieved in reducing the incidence and mortality of NMS by increasing awareness and recognition of the disorder, more conservative prescribing practices, reduction of proposed risk factors, and development and marketing of newer antipsychotics with less liability for neurological side effects. Early diagnosis, cessation of dopamine-receptor blocking agents, prompt medical intervention, and consideration of specific remedies comprise the mainstay of treatment. Nevertheless, vigilance must be maintained as antipsychotics are increasingly prescribed for an expanding number of indications while NMS remains obscure to most clinicians in practice. It is, therefore, essential for all physicians to become familiar with the diagnosis and treatment of this serious but treatable drug reaction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Psychiatry, Corporal Michael J. Crescenz VA Medical Center and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Stanley N. Caroff, Kenneth A. Sullivan & E. Cabrina Campbell

  2. Private Practice, Harleysville, PA, USA

    Stephan C. Mann

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  1. Stanley N. Caroff
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  2. Stephan C. Mann
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  3. Kenneth A. Sullivan
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  4. E. Cabrina Campbell
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Correspondence to Stanley N. Caroff .

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  1. Department of Neurology, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA

    Steven J. Frucht

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Caroff, S.N., Mann, S.C., Sullivan, K.A., Campbell, E.C. (2022). Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome. In: Frucht, S.J. (eds) Movement Disorder Emergencies. Current Clinical Neurology. Humana, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75898-1_6

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