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Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Atlantic Coastal Patagonia

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Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems

Abstract

The Patagonian Atlantic region is known as a pristine area with more than 3000 km of coastline. It includes two productive oil basins, Golfo San Jorge and Austral from where oil production (about 14 million m3/year) is transported by sea from five terminals. The maritime and coastal areas of the Argentine continental shelf are relevant for marine conservation, tourism and fishing, being spawning and nursery areas of many species. In this chapter, we describe the main aspects of oil production in the coastal basins and its maritime transport throughout the Atlantic Patagonia. Offshore oil exploitation and future development prospects on the Argentine continental shelf are introduced. We also present the main oil spills that occurred in Atlantic Patagonia and a review of hydrocarbon levels in coastal marine sediments and organisms. Some episodes of chronic contamination are depicted. The reported levels range from pristine uncontaminated areas to heavily polluted ones, affected by oil or fuel spills. Hydrocarbon pollution has a punctual distribution pattern near the sources, with the most polluted sites located in ports and oil exploitation areas. In addition, possible interactions of sensitive areas for marine conservation, fishing activities and maritime transport are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

Parts of the experimental work presented here were carried out granted by the following research projects: PICT-2016-3124 from the National Agency for the Promotion of Research, Technological Development and Innovation (ANPCyT), PIO-YPF N°004/14 from YPF Foundation and CONICET, and PID-UTN 2981 from the National Technological University (UTN FRCH).

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  1. Centro para el Estudio de Sistemas Marinos (CESIMAR-CONICET, CCT CONICET-CENPAT), Blvd. Brown 2915, Chubut, U9120ACD, Puerto Madryn, Argentina

    Marina L. Nievas El Makte, Rosana Polifroni, Marcela A. Sepúlveda & Ana Fazio

  2. Facultad Regional Chubut, Universidad Tecnológica Nacional, Av. del Trabajo 1536, Puerto Madryn, Chubut, Argentina

    Marina L. Nievas El Makte

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  1. Marina L. Nievas El Makte
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  2. Rosana Polifroni
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  3. Marcela A. Sepúlveda
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  4. Ana Fazio
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Correspondence to Marina L. Nievas El Makte .

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  1. University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany

    Donat-P. Häder

  2. Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, Rawson, Argentina

    E. Walter Helbling

  3. Estación de Fotobiología Playa Unión, Rawson, Argentina

    Virginia E. Villafañe

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Nievas El Makte, M.L., Polifroni, R., Sepúlveda, M.A., Fazio, A. (2021). Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Atlantic Coastal Patagonia. In: Häder, DP., Helbling, E.W., Villafañe, V.E. (eds) Anthropogenic Pollution of Aquatic Ecosystems. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75602-4_15

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