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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Sport-Related Concussions

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Concussions in Athletics

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Abstract

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) offers great promise for elucidating the underlying neuropathology associated with dynamic processes and intrinsic neuronal activation (i.e., functional connectivity; fcMRI). This chapter begins with a discussion of the physiological underpinnings of the blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) response and the many ways in which head trauma can affect this complex signal. Next, we present a review of current findings. Evoked fMRI studies of sport-related concussion (SRC) have indicated alterations of the BOLD signal during the acute phase of injury, with conflicting results for the semi-acute to chronic phases. Alterations of fcMRI within the default mode network and other networks have been reported following SRC, which may contribute to athletes’ reports of increased distractibility and other neuropsychological problems. Both evoked and fcMRI studies have suggested that biologically based disruption of emotional processing neural networks is associated with prolonged psychological symptoms. Finally, we focus on the considerable methodological challenges of performing fMRI research with concussed athletes. We posit that the fMRI signal represents a complex filter through which researchers can assess the physiological correlates of protracted recovery or chronic impairments, an important goal for the burgeoning field of SRC research.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Biomedical and Environmental Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Veronik Sicard, Danielle C. Hergert & Andrew R. Mayer

  2. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Andrew R. Mayer

  3. Department of Neurology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Andrew R. Mayer

  4. Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA

    Andrew R. Mayer

Authors
  1. Veronik Sicard
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  2. Danielle C. Hergert
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  3. Andrew R. Mayer
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Correspondence to Andrew R. Mayer .

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Kinesiology and Neurosurgery, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA

    Semyon M. Slobounov

  2. Department of Orthopedics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA

    Wayne J. Sebastianelli

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Sicard, V., Hergert, D.C., Mayer, A.R. (2021). Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Sport-Related Concussions. In: Slobounov, S.M., Sebastianelli, W.J. (eds) Concussions in Athletics. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75564-5_11

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