Oral Health in Pregnancy

Abstract

The physiologic changes and adaptation in pregnancy significantly affect the oral tissues. These changes increase susceptibility to infection and reduce immunity leading to pathology of the hard and soft oral tissues. Such pathologies, which are often preventable, may lead to adverse outcomes if not addressed with proper education of the pregnant woman and adequate care from both the obstetrician and collaborating oral health worker. This chapter discusses the features of common oral conditions in pregnancy such as gingivitis, periodontitis, pregnancy oral tumour and candidiasis and dental erosion. The negative impact of the mother’s poor oral health on the unborn baby is discussed which include preterm birth, low birthweight and susceptibility to caries. Appropriate recommendations for maintaining oral health are emphasised. The role of traditional health education, considered as the gold standard for imparting knowledge and encouraging parents on preventive interventions, is described as being inadequate. Ancillary preventive measures such as oral screening and use of topical oral antiseptics are described and guidelines provided if the pregnant woman requires any form of dental intervention.