Abstract
Musculoskeletal and joint pain are common in women, especially in perimenopausal and aging women. In women diagnosed with breast cancer, cancer treatment can be associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, particularly arthralgia, or non-inflammatory joint pain. Evaluation of new-onset arthralgia should include the history, physical examination, and laboratory evaluation for common non-inflammatory and inflammatory causes of joint pain. After chemotherapy, the self-limited syndrome of post-chemotherapy rheumatism may develop within 3–4 months of treatment and can last several months before it subsides. This syndrome may overlap with the start of adjuvant endocrine therapy, which may also be associated with arthralgia, particularly endocrine therapy with aromatase inhibitors. Aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia (AIAA) is common and difficult to treat. Regular exercise and adequate vitamin D levels can alleviate arthralgia and are also associated with improved well-being and better breast cancer and overall outcomes. Other approaches to relieve AIAA include switching to another endocrine therapy, use of a complementary intervention (like acupuncture or a supplement), and duloxetine. In cases where inflammatory arthritis is suspected or arthralgia is more persistent or severe than is typical for AIAA, referral to a rheumatologist is warranted.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Watt FE. Musculoskeletal pain and menopause. Post Reprod Health. 2018;24(1):34–43.
Alpay-Kanitez N, Celik S, Bes C. Polyarthritis and its differential diagnosis. Eur J Rheumatol. 2018;6(4):167–73.
Symmons DPM. Epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis: determinants of onset, persistence and outcome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 2002;16(5):707–22.
Grassi W, et al. The clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis. Eur J Radiol. 1998;27 Suppl 1:p. S18–S24.
Hunter DJ, Bierma-Zeinstra S. Osteoarthritis. Lancet. 2019;393(10182):1745–59.
Magliano M. Menopausal arthralgia: fact or fiction. Maturitas. 2010;67(1):29–33.
Kumar B, Lenert P. Joint hypermobility syndrome: recognizing a commonly overlooked cause of chronic pain. Am J Med. 2017;130(6):640–7.
Loprinzi CL, Duffy J, Ingle JN. Postchemotherapy rheumatism. J Clin Oncol. 1993;11:768.
Amiri AH, Rafiei A. Analysis of patients with post-chemotherapy arthralgia and arthritis in breast cancer. Indian J Med Sci. 2010;64(5):197–203.
Amiri AH, Jaferian S. Post-chemotherapy arthralgia and arthritis in lung cancer. South Asian J Cancer. 2012;1(2):72–5.
Kim MJ, et al. Chemotherapy-related arthropathy. J Rheumatol. 2006;33(7):1364–8.
Almoallim H, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of cancer patients with post-chemotherapy arthritis: a retrospective case series report. Open Access Rheumatol. 2017;9:111–6.
Burstein HJ. Aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia syndrome. Breast. 2007;16(3):223–34.
Dowsett M, et al. Aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen in early breast cancer: patient-level meta-analysis of the randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;386(10001):1341–52.
Forbes JF, et al. Effect of anastrozole and tamoxifen as adjuvant treatment for early-stage breast cancer: 100-month analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(1):45–53.
Mouridsen H, et al. Letrozole therapy alone or in sequence with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(8):766–76.
Coates AS, et al. Five years of letrozole compared with tamoxifen as initial adjuvant therapy for postmenopausal women with endocrine-responsive early breast cancer: update of study BIG 1-98. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(5):486–92.
Coombes RC, et al. Survival and safety of exemestane versus tamoxifen after 2-3 years’ tamoxifen treatment (Intergroup Exemestane Study): a randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2007;369(9561):559–70.
Braithwaite RS, et al. Meta-analysis of vascular and neoplastic events associated with tamoxifen. J Gen Intern Med. 2003;18(11):937.
Henry NL, Giles JT, Stearns V. Aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms: etiology and strategies for management. Oncology (Williston Park). 2008;22(12):1401–8.
Coleman RE, et al. Aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: clinical experience and treatment recommendations. Cancer Treat Rev. 2008;34(3):275–82.
Crew KD, et al. Prevalence of joint symptoms in postmenopausal women taking aromatase inhibitors for early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2007;25(25):3877–83.
Lombard JM, et al. Aromatase inhibitor induced musculoskeletal syndrome: a significant problem with limited treatment options. Support Care Cancer. 2016;24(5):2139–46.
Niravath P. Aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: a review. Ann Oncol. 2013;24(6):1443–9.
Donnellan PP, et al. Aromatase inhibitors and arthralgia. J Clin Oncol. 2001;19(10):2767.
Presant CA, et al. Aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia and/ or bone pain: frequency and characterization in non-clinical trial patients. Clin Breast Cancer. 2007;7(10):775–8.
Howell A, et al. Results of the ATAC (arimidex, tamoxifen, alone or in combination) trial after completion of 5 years’ adjuvant treatment for breast cancer. Lancet. 2005;365(9453):60.
Coombes RC, et al. A randomized trial of exemestane after two to three years of tamoxifen therapy in postmenopausal women with primary breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(11):1081.
Thurlimann B, et al. A comparison of letrozole and tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(26):2747–57.
Goss PE, et al. A randomized trial of letrozole in postmenopausal women after five years of tamoxifen therapy for early-stage breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(19):1793.
Boonstra A, et al. Arthralgia during aromatase inhibitor treatment in early breast cancer patients: prevalence, impact, and recognition by healthcare providers. Cancer Nurs. 2013;36(1):52–9.
Dizdar O, et al. Sonographic and electrodiagnostic evaluations in patients with aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(30):4955–60.
Friedman CF, et al. Functional disability and aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(15S).
Mao JJ, et al. Patterns and risk factors associated with aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia among breast cancer survivors. Cancer. 2009;115(16):3631–9.
Oberguggenberger A, et al. Is the toxicity of adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy underestimated? Complementary information from patient-reported outcomes (PROs). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;128(2):553–61.
Kanematsu M, et al. The time since last menstrual period is important as a clinical predictor for non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia. BMC Cancer. 2011;11:436.
Singer O, et al. Defining the aromatase inhibitor musculoskeletal syndrome: a prospective study. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2012;64(12):1910–8.
Kimmick GG, et al. Musculoskeletal side effects over time and association with adherence in women taking neoadjuvant letrozole for estrogen receptor positive DCIS: CALGB 40903 (Alliance). Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2019; SABCS 2019(P5-14-17).
Castel LD, et al. Time course of arthralgia among women initiating aromatase inhibitor therapy and a postmenopausal comparison group in a prospective cohort. Cancer. 2013;119(13):2375–82.
Sestak I, et al. Risk factors for joint symptoms in patients enrolled in the ATAC trial: a retrospective, exploratory analysis. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(9):866–72.
Renshaw L, et al. Comparison of joint problems as reported by patients in a randomised adjuvant trial of anastrozole and letrozole. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;106:S108–S109.
Morales L, et al. Debilitating musculoskeletal pain and stiffness with letrozole and exemestane: associated tenosynovial changes on magnetic resonance imaging. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2007;104(1):87–91.
Laroche F, et al. Classification of and risk factors for estrogen deprivation pain syndromes related to aromatase inhibitor treatments in women with breast cancer: a prospective multicenter cohort study. J Pain. 2014;15(3):293–303.
Spagnolo F, et al. Anastrozole-induced carpal tunnel syndrome: results from the international breast cancer intervention study II prevention trial. J Clin Oncol. 2016;34(2):139–43.
Sestak I, Sapunar F, Cuzick J. Aromatase inhibitor-induced carpal tunnel syndrome: results from the ATAC trial. J Clin Oncol. 2009;27(30):4961–5.
Papadimitriou K, et al. Bilateral de quervain syndrome after aromatase inhibitor administration: a case report and review of the literature. Case Rep Med. 2012;2012:810428.
Lee JH, Kim JY, Kim CH. A case of bilateral trigger thumbs secondary to aromatase inhibitor. Yonsei Med J. 2015;56(4):1167–9.
Murphy CC, et al. Adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy among breast cancer survivors in clinical practice: a systematic review. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2012;134(2):459–78.
Fontein DB, et al. High non-compliance in the use of letrozole after 2.5 years of extended adjuvant endocrine therapy. Results from the IDEAL randomized trial. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2012;38(2):110–7.
Hershman DL, et al. Early discontinuation and non-adherence to adjuvant hormonal therapy are associated with increased mortality in women with breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;126(2):529–37.
Henry NL, et al. Prospective characterization of musculoskeletal symptoms in early stage breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2008;111(2):365–72.
Moy B, et al. Clinical outcomes of ethnic minority women in MA.17: a trial of letrozole after 5 years of tamoxifen in postmenopausal women with early stage breast cancer. Ann Oncol. 2006;17(11):1637–43.
Xu J, et al. Natural history of menopause symptoms in primary care patients: a MetroNet study. J Am Board Fam Pract. 2005;18(5):374–82.
Fuh JL, et al. Quality of life and menopausal transition for middle-aged women on Kinmen island. Qual Life Res. 2003;12(1):53–61.
Bingefors K, Isacson D. Epidemiology, co-morbidity, and impact on health-related quality of life of self-reported headache and musculoskeletal pain--a gender perspective. Eur J Pain. 2004;8(5):435–50.
Thorne C. Management of arthralgias associated with aromatase inhibitor therapy. Curr Oncol. 2007;14(Suppl 1):S11–9.
Younus J, Kligman L. Management of aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia. Curr Oncol. 2010;17(1):87–90.
Din OS, et al. Current opinion of aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia in breast cancer in the UK. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol). 2011;23(10):674–80.
Menas P, et al. Incidence and management of arthralgias in breast cancer patients treated with aromatase inhibitors in an outpatient oncology clinic. J Oncol Pharm Pract. 2012;18(4):387–93.
Park SH, Knobf MT, Sutton KM. Etiology, assessment, and management of aromatase inhibitor-related musculoskeletal symptoms. Clin J Oncol Nurs. 2012;16(3):260–6.
Yang GS, et al. Interventions for the treatment of aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia in breast cancer survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Cancer Nurs. 2017;40(4):E26–41.
Dent SF, et al. Aromatase inhibitor therapy: toxicities and management strategies in the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone-sensitive early breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;126(2):295–310.
Somers TJ, Wren AA, Shelby RA. The context of pain in arthritis: self-efficacy for managing pain and other symptoms. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2012;16(6):502–8.
Jerant A, Franks P, Kravitz RL. Associations between pain control self-efficacy, self-efficacy for communicating with physicians, and subsequent pain severity among cancer patients. Patient Educ Couns. 2011;85(2):275–80.
Johannsen M, et al. The efficacy of psychosocial intervention for pain in breast cancer patients and survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(3):675–90.
Sheinfeld Gorin S, et al. Meta-analysis of psychosocial interventions to reduce pain in patients with cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2012;30(5):539–47.
Kelleher SA, et al. A behavioral cancer pain intervention: A randomized noninferiority trial comparing in-person with videoconference delivery. Psychooncology. 2019;28(8):1671–8.
Shelby RA, et al. Testing a behavioral intervention to improve adherence to adjuvant endocrine therapy (AET). Contemp Clin Trials. 2019;76:120–131.
Khan QJ, O’Dea AP, Sharma P, Musculoskeletal adverse events associated with adjuvant aromatase inhibitors. J Oncol. 2010;2010:1–8.
Cuzick, J, et al. Treatment-emergent endocrine symptoms and the risk of breast cancer recurrence: a retrospective analysis of the ATAC trial. Lancet Oncol. 2008;9(12):1143–8.
Irwin ML et al. Randomized exercise trial of aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia in breast cancer survivors. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(10):1104–11.
DeNysschen CA et al. Exercise intervention in breast cancer patients with aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgia: a pilot study. Eur J Cancer Care (ENgl). 2014; 23(4):493–501.
Baglia MS et al. Endocrine-related quality of life in a randomized trial of exercise on aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgias in breast cancer survivors. Cancer. 2019;125(13):2262–71.
Sisto SA, Malanga G. Osteoarthritis and therapeutic exercise. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 2006;85(11 Suppl):S69–78.
Thomas KS et al. Home based exercise programme for knee pain and knee osteoarthritis: randomised controlled trial. BMJ. 2002;325(7367):752.
Ballard-Barbash R et al. Physical activity, biomarkers, and disease outcomes in cancer survivors: a systematic review. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2012;104(11):815–40.
Rock CL et al. Nutrition and physical activity guidelines for cancer survivors. CA Cancer J Clin. 2012;62(4):243–74.
Demark-Wahnefried W et al. Results of a diet/exercise feasibility trial to prevent adverse body composition change in breast cancer patients on adjuvant chemotherapy. Clin Breast Cancer. 2008;8(1):70–9.
Lima LV, Abner TSS, Sluka KA. Does exercise increase or decrease pain? Central mechanisms underlying these two phenomena. J Physiol. 2017;595(13):4141–50.
Polaski AM et al. Exercise-induced hypoalgesia: A meta-analysis of exercise dosing for the treatment of chronic pain. PLoS One. 2019;14(1):e0210418.
Nyrop KA, et al. Feasibility and promise of a 6-week program to encourage physical activity and reduce joint symptoms among elderly breast cancer survivors on aromatase inhibitor therapy. J Geriatr Oncol. 2014;5(2):148–55.
Hasan N, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Vitamin D3 constrains estrogen’s effects and influences mammary epithelial organization in 3D cultures. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):7423.
Jurutka PW et al. Vitamin D receptor: key roles in bone mineral pathophysiology, molecular mechanism of action, and novel nutrient ligands. J Bone Miner Res. 2007;22 Suppl 2:V2–10.
Crew KD et al. Association between plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and breast cancer risk. Cancer Prev Res (Phila). 2009;2(6):598–604.
Arvold DS et al. Correlation of symptoms with vitamin D deficiency and symptom response to cholecalciferol treatment: a randomized controlled trial. Endocr Pract. 2009;15(3):203–12.
Khan QJ, et al. Effect of vitamin D supplementation on serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels, joint pain, and fatigue in women starting adjuvant letrozole treatment for breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2009;119(1):111–8.
Prieto-Alhambra D et al. Vitamin D threshold to prevent aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: a prospective cohort study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;125(3):869–78.
Prieto-Alhambra D, Javaid MK. Aromatase inhibitor induced arthralgia: is vitamin D deficiency responsibible? Maturitas. 2011;69(1):3–4.
Rastelli AL et al. Vitamin D and aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal symptoms (AIMSS): a phase II, double-bline, placebo-controlled, randomized trial. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2011;129(1):107–16.
Razzaque MS. Can adverse effects of excessive vitamin D supplementation occur without developing hypervitaminosis D? J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2018;180:81–6.
Sanders KM et al. Annual high-dose oral vitamin D and falls and fractures in older women: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2010;202(18):1815–22.
Durup D et al. A reverse J-shaped assocition of all-cause mortality with serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D in general practice: the CopD study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2012;97(8):2644–52.
Kimmick G, et al. Medication taking behaviors among breast cancer patients on adjuvant endocrine therapy. Breast. 2015;24(5):630–6.
Group, B.I.G.C., et al. Letrozole therapy alone or in sequence with tamoxifen in women with breast cancer. N Engl J Med. 2009;361(8):766–76.
Briot K, et al. Effect of a switch of aromatase inhibitors on musculoskeletal symptoms in postmenopausal women with hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer: the ATOLL (articular tolerance of letrozole) study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2010;120(1):127–34.
Garreau JR, et al. Side effects of aromatase inhibitors versus tamoxifen: the patients’ perspective. Am J Surg. 2006;192(4):496–8.
Sitlinger A, et al. Higher symptom burden is associated with lower function in women taking adjuvant endocrine therapy for breast cancer. J Geriatr Oncol. 2019;10(2):317–21.
Morales L et al. Prospective study to assess short-term intra-articular and tenosynovial changes in the aromatase inhibitorassociated arthralgia syndrome. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(19):3147–52.
Kanesvaran R, White HK, Kimmick GG. (AI) Can’t get off my chair. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2012;60(10):1978–9.
Neuhouser ML, et al. Use of complementary and alternative medicine and breast cancer survival in the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle Study. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2016;160(3):539–46.
Cassileth BR, Vickers AJ. High prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine use among cancer patients: implications for research and clinical care. J Clin Oncol. 2005;23(12):2590–2.
Velicer CM, Ulrich CM. Vitamin and mineral supplement use among US adults after cancer diagnosis: a systematic review. J Clin Oncol. 2008;26(4):665–73.
Sierpina VS, Frenkel MA. Acupuncture: a clinical review. South Med J. 2005;98(3):330–7.
Lim HD, et al. Anti-inflammatory effects of acupuncture stimulation via the vagus nerve. PLoS One. 2016;11(3):e0151882.
Sandberg M, et al. Effects of acupuncture on skin and muscle blood flow in healthy subjects. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2003;90(1–2):114–9.
Madsen MV, Gotzsche PC, Hrobjartsson A. Acupuncture treatment for pain: systematic review of randomised clinical trials with acupuncture, placebo acupuncture, and no acupuncture groups. BMJ. 2009;338:a3115.
Ezzo J, et al. Acupuncture for osteoarthritis of the knee: a systematic review. Arthritis Rheum. 2001;44(4):819–25.
Zhang Y, et al. Acupuncture use among American adults: what acupuncture practitioners can learn from national health interview survey 2007? Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012;2012:710750.
Crew KD, et al. Pilot study of acupuncture for the treatment of joint symptoms related to adjuvant aromatase inhibitor therapy in postmenopausal breast cancer patients. J Cancer Surviv. 2007;1(4):283–91.
Crew KD, et al. Randomized, blinded, sham-controlled trial of acupuncture for the management of aromatase inhibitor-associated joint symptoms in women with early-stage breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2010;28(7):1154–60.
Bao T, et al. A dual-center randomized controlled double blind trial assessing the effect of acupuncture in reducing musculoskeletal symptoms in breast cancer patients taking aromatase inhibitors. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2013;138(1):167–74.
Hershman DL, et al. Effect of acupuncture vs sham acupuncture or waitlist control on joint pain related to aromatase inhibitors among women with early-stage breast cancer: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2018;320(2):167–76.
Mao JJ, et al. Feasibility trial of electroacupuncture for aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia in breast cancer survivors. Integr Cancer Ther. 2009;8(2):123–9.
Mao JJ, et al. A randomised trial of electro-acupuncture for arthralgia related to aromatase inhibitor use. Eur J Cancer. 2014;50(2):267–76.
Oh B, et al. Acupuncture for treatment of arthralgia secondary to aromatase inhibitor therapy in women with early breast cancer: pilot study. Acupunct Med. 2013;31(3):264–71.
Bae K, et al. Acupuncture for aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia: a systematic review. Integr Cancer Ther. 2015;14(6):496–502.
Chien TJ, et al. Acupuncture for treating aromatase inhibitor-related arthralgia in breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Altern Complement Med. 2015;21(5):251–60.
Culos-Reed SN, et al. A pilot study of yoga for breast cancer survivors: physical and psychological benefits. Psychooncology. 2006;15(10):891–7.
Carson JW, et al. Yoga of awareness program for menopausal symptoms in breast cancer survivors: results from a randomized trial. Support Care Cancer. 2009;17(10):1301–9.
Ulger O, Yagli NV. Effects of yoga on the quality of life in cancer patients. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2010;16(2):60–3.
Galantino ML, et al. Impact of yoga on functional outcomes in breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgias. Integr Cancer Ther. 2012;11(4):313–20.
Galantino ML, et al. A qualitative exploration of the impact of yoga on breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgias. Explore (NY). 2012;8(1):40–7.
Peppone LJ, et al. The effect of YOCAS(c)(R) yoga for musculoskeletal symptoms among breast cancer survivors on hormonal therapy. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 2015;150(3):597–604.
Lippiello L, et al. In vivo chondroprotection and metabolic synergy of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 2000;381:229–40.
Clegg DO, et al. Glucosamine, chondroitin sulfate, and the two in combination for painful knee osteoarthritis. N Engl J Med. 2006;354(8):795–808.
Greenlee H, et al. Phase II study of glucosamine with chondroitin on aromatase inhibitor-associated joint symptoms in women with breast cancer. Support Care Cancer. 2013;21(4):1077–87.
Lunn MP, Hughes RA, Wiffen PJ. Duloxetine for treating painful neuropathy, chronic pain or fibromyalgia. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;1:CD007115.
Henry NL, et al. Pilot study of duloxetine for treatment of aromatase inhibitor-associated musculoskeletal symptoms. Cancer. 2011;117(24):5469–75.
Henry NL, et al. Randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical trial of duloxetine versus placebo for aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgias in early-stage breast cancer: SWOG S1202. J Clin Oncol. 2018;36(4):326–32.
Uhlenbruck G, et al. Reduced side-effects of adjuvant hormone therapy in breast cancer patients by complementary medicine. In Vivo. 2010;24(5):799–802.
Beuth J, et al. Large-scale survey of the impact of complementary medicine on side-effects of adjuvant hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer. In Vivo. 2016;30(1):73–5.
Beuth J, et al. Complementary medicine on side-effects of adjuvant hormone therapy in patients with breast cancer. In Vivo. 2013;27(6):869–71.
Chino A, et al. A case of aromatase inhibitor (anastrozole)-induced side-effects successfully treated with Kampo medicines. J Altern Complement Med. 2011;17(11):1075–7.
Zhang Q, Tang D, Zhao H. Immunological therapies can relieve aromatase inhibitor-related joint symptoms in breast cancer survivors. Am J Clin Oncol. 2010;33(6):557–60.
Kubo M, et al. Short-term and low-dose prednisolone administration reduces aromatase inhibitor-induced arthralgia in patients with breast cancer. Anticancer Res. 2012;32(6):2331–6.
Galantino ML, et al. Tai chi for well-being of breast cancer survivors with aromatase inhibitor-associated arthralgias: a feasibility study. Altern Ther Health Med. 2013;19(6):38–44.
Leslie CA, et al. Dietary fish oil modulates macrophage fatty acids and decreases arthritis susceptibility in mice. J Exp Med. 1985;162(4):1336–49.
Goldberg RJ, Katz J. A meta-analysis of the analgesic effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation for inflammatory joint pain. Pain. 2007;129(1–2):210–23.
Maroon JC, Bost JW. Omega-3 fatty acids (fish oil) as an anti-inflammatory: an alternative to nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for discogenic pain. Surg Neurol. 2006;65(4):326–31.
Hershman DL, et al. Randomized multicenter placebo-controlled trial of omega-3 fatty acids for the control of aromatase inhibitor-induced musculoskeletal pain: SWOG S0927. J Clin Oncol. 2015;33(17):1910–7.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kimmick, G.G., Pienknagura, R.A., Weinmann, S.C. (2021). Arthralgias. In: Kimmick, G.G., Shelby, R.A., Sutton, L.M. (eds) Common Issues in Breast Cancer Survivors. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75377-1_6
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-75377-1_6
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-75376-4
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-75377-1
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)