Skip to main content

Evaluation of Face Recognition Systems

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Deep Learning-Based Face Analytics

Abstract

While face recognition research has been perennial and popular since its inception, there has been a marked escalation in this research in recent years due to the confluence of several factors, primarily the development of advanced machine learning algorithms, free and robust software implementations thereof, ever faster GPU processors for running them, vast web-scraped face image databases, open performance benchmarks, and a vibrant face recognition literature.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 149.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 199.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Taigman Y, Yang M, Ranzato M, Wolf L (2014) Deepface: closing the gap to human-level performance in face verification. In: Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition, ser. CVPR ’14. IEEE Computer Society, Washington, DC, USA, pp 1701–1708. https://doi.org/10.1109/CVPR.2014.220

  2. Parkhi OM, Vedaldi A, Zisserman A (2015) Deep face recognition. In: British machine vision conference

    Google Scholar 

  3. He K, Zhang X, Ren S, Sun J (2016) Deep residual learning for image recognition. In: 2016 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 770–778

    Google Scholar 

  4. Schroff F, Kalenichenko D, Philbin J (2015) Facenet: a unified embedding for face recognition and clustering. CoRR, arxiv:1503.03832

  5. Huang GB, Ramesh M, Berg T, Learned-Miller E (2007) Labeled faces in the wild: a database for studying face recognition in unconstrained environments. University of Massachusetts, Amherst. Tech. Rep. 07–49

    Google Scholar 

  6. Kemelmacher-Shlizerman I, Seitz SM, Miller D, Brossard E (2015) The megaface benchmark: 1 million faces for recognition at scale. CoRR. arxiv:1512.00596

  7. Grother P, Ngan M, Hanaoka K (2018) The face recognition vendor test 2018 (frvt). National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Marlyand, Tech. Rep. NIST Interagency Report, 2018, to be published

    Google Scholar 

  8. Liao S, Lei Z, Yi D, Li SZ (2014) A benchmark study of large-scale unconstrained face recognition. In: IEEE international joint conference on biometrics, pp 1–8

    Google Scholar 

  9. WG, ET Mansfield ET (2015) ISO/IEC 19795-1 biometric performance testing and reporting: principles and framework, international standard ed., JTC1: SC37. http://webstore.ansi.org

  10. Gross R, Matthews I, Baker S (2004) Appearance-based face recognition and light-fields. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 26(4):449–465

    Article  Google Scholar 

  11. Best-Rowden L, Jain AK (2018) Longitudinal study of automatic face recognition. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 40(1):148–162

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Beveridge JR, Givens GH, Phillips PJ, Draper BA (2009) Factors that influence algorithm performance in the face recognition grand challenge. Comput Vis Image Underst 113(6):750–762

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Maze B, Adams J, Duncan JA, Kalka N, Miller T, Otto C, Jain AK, Niggel WT, Anderson J, Cheney J, Grother P (2018) Iarpa janus benchmark—c: face dataset and protocol. In: 2018 international conference on biometrics (ICB), pp 158–165

    Google Scholar 

  14. Wang D, Otto C, Jain AK (2017) Face search at scale. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell 39(6):1122–1136

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Klare BF, Klein B, Taborsky E, Blanton A, Cheney J, Allen K, Grother P, Mah A, Burge M, Jain AK (2015) Pushing the frontiers of unconstrained face detection and recognition: Iarpa janus benchmark a. In: 2015 IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR), pp 1931–1939

    Google Scholar 

  16. Grother P, Ngan M, Hanaoka K, Boehnen C, Ericson L (2017) The 2017 iarpa face recognition prize challenge (frpc). National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Marlyand. Tech. Rep. NIST Interagency Report 8197. https://doi.org/10.6028/NIST.IR.8197

  17. Grother P, Ngan M (2014) Interagency report 8009, performance of face identification algorithms. In: Face recognition vendor test (FRVT)

    Google Scholar 

  18. Ishii M, Imaoka H, Sato A (2017) Fast k-nearest neighbor search for face identification using bounds of residual score. 2017 12th IEEE international conference on automatic face & gesture recognition (FG 2017). IEEE Computer Society, Los Alamitos, CA, USA, pp 194–199

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  19. Babenko A, Lempitsky V (2016) Efficient indexing of billion-scale datasets of deep descriptors. In: The IEEE conference on computer vision and pattern recognition (CVPR)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Johnson J, Douze M, Jégou H (2017) Billion-scale similarity search with gpus. CoRR. arxiv:1702.08734

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Patrick Grother .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Grother, P., Ngan, M. (2021). Evaluation of Face Recognition Systems. In: Ratha, N.K., Patel, V.M., Chellappa, R. (eds) Deep Learning-Based Face Analytics. Advances in Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74697-1_17

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74697-1_17

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-74696-4

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-74697-1

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics