Abstract
An excess amount of waste generated by the energy and metal industries has posed a great challenge of its disposal due to its adverse effects on the environment. There have been several initiatives world over, towards minimizing, detoxifying, and utilizing wastes, so as to make a value-addition in the existing mining operations. Among others, the geopolymers emerge as a viable, low-cost, and environment friendly solution for using industrial wastes such as fly-ash. The geo-polymers are inorganic, ceramic material, which forms a long-range, covalently-bonded, non-crystalline (amorphous) networks. The bricks manufactured from fly-ash and rice-husk silica is well established, which, on the whole, work on the same principle of amorphous silica. However, in the present study, the source of the silica has been altered by using Bamboo (Bambusa vulgaris) leaves, which is known to be a potential agro-waste and capable to producing an amorphous silica with ~92% yield. During the present study, the ternary geo-polymer brick was synthesized using fly ash, iron oxide slag (red mud) and bamboo extracted amorphous silica. The structural and mechanical properties of this new material were tested and characterized. The results have shown double fold increase in compressive strength, increase in durability, heat resistance and strength with respect to time. Therefore, the new material has a potential to revamp construction and infrastructure industries by way of providing low-cost alternative to the clay bricks as well as sand. It will also have a positive impact on legal as well as illegal sand-mining, which is one of the greatest environmental threats today.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Davidovits J (1988) Soft mineralurgy and geopolymers. In: Proceedings 1st european conference of soft mineralurgy “Geopolymer ‘88”, Compiegne
Traoré S, Diarra A, Kourouma O, Traoré DL (2019) Survey of bauxite resources, alumina industry and the prospects of the production of geopolymer composites from the resulting by-product, geopolymers and other geosynthetics, survey of bauxite resources, alumina industry and the prospects of the production
Chen C, Habert G, Bouzidi Y, Jullien A (2010) Environmental impact of cement production: detail of the different processes and cement plant variability evaluation. J Clean Prod 18(5):478–485
Hasanbeigi A, Menke C, Price L (2010) The CO2 abatement cost curve for the Thailand cement industry. J Clean Prod 18(15):1509–1518
Wan Mastura WI, Mustafa AM, Bakri Al, Andrei V, Kamarudin H, Ioan G, Nizar IK Aeslina IAK, Binhussain M (2014) Processing and characterization of fly ash-based geopolymer bricks. Revista De Chimi 65(11):1340–1345
Gawatre D, Vairagade L (2014) Int J Sci Res (IJSR) 3(10):2247–2252
Cao VD, Pilehvar S, Salas-Bringas C, Szczotok A.M et al (2018) Influence of microcapsule size and shell polarity on the time-dependent viscosity of geopolymer paste, industrial & engineering chemistry research. J Am Chem Soc 1–9
Fernandez-Jimenez A, Palomo A, Criado A (2005) Microstructure development of alkali-activated fly ash cement: a descriptive model. Cem Concr Res 35(6):1204–1209
Mohajerani A, Suter D, Jeffrey-Bailey T, Song T, Arulrajah A, Horpibulsuk S, Law D (2019) Recycling waste materials in geopolymer concrete. Clean Technol Envir 1–45
Abdullah MMA, Hussin K, Bnhussain M, Ismail KN and Ibrahim WMW (2011) Mechanism and chemical reaction of fly ash geopolymer cement-a review. Int J Pure Appl Sci Technol 6(1):35–44. ISSN 2229–6107
Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw D (2004) On the development of fly ash based geopolymer concrete. Int Concr Abstr Portal Mater 101(6):467–472
Gamage N, Liyanage K, Fragomeni S (2011) Overview of different type of fly ash and their use as a building and construction material. In: conference: international conference of structural engineering, construction and management, Sri Lanka
Malhotra VM, Ramezanianpour AA (2005) Fly ash in concrete, CANMET, 1994. ISBN 0660157640, 9780660157641:307
Khairul NI. Kamarudin H, Mohd SI (2007) Physical, chemical & mineralogical properties of fly ash. J Nucl Sci Technol 4(2007):47–51
Hardjito D, Wallah SE, Sumajouw DMJ, Rangan, BV (2005) Introducing fly ash based-geopolymer concrete: manufacture and engineering properties, in our world in concrete and structures international conference, Singapore: 271-278
Duchesne J, Duong L, Bostrom T, Frost R (2010) Microstructure study of early in situ reaction of fly ash geopolymer observed by environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM). Waste Biomass Valor 1:367–377
Ridzuan ARM, Khairulniza AA, Arshad MF (2014) Effect of sodium silicate types on the high calcium geopolymer concrete. Mater Sci Forum 803:185–193
Skvara F (2007) Alkali activated material-geopolymer. Ceram Silik 51(3):173–177
Pacheco-Torgal F, Castro-Gomes J, Jalali S (2008) Alkali-activated binders: a review part I, historical background, terminology, reaction mechanisms and hydration products. J Constr Build Mater 22:1305–1314
Vargel C (2004) Inorganic salts, corrosion of aluminium. Elsevier, 17–441
Rattanasak U, Chindaprasirt P (2009) Influence of NaOH solution on the synthesis of fly ash geopolymer. Miner Eng Elsevier 1073–1078
Somna K, Jaturapitakkul C, Kajitvichyanukul P, Chindaprasirt P (2011) NaOH-activated ground fly ash geopolymer cured at ambient temperature. Fuel 90(6):2118–2124
Chindaprasirt P, Chareerat T, Sirivivananon V (2007) Workability and strength of coarse high calcium fly ash geopolymer. Cem Concr Compos 29:224–229
Swanepoel JC, Strydom CA (2002) Utilisation of fly ash in a geopolymeric material. Appl Geochem 17(8):1143–1148
Panias D, Giannopoulou IP, Perraki T (2007) Effect of synthesis parameters on the mechanical properties of fly ash-based geopolymers. Colloids Surf A 301:246–254
Bakharev T (2005) Geopolymeric materials prepared using class F fly ash and elevated temperature curing. Cem Concr Res 35:1224–1232
Martinez JR, Palomares S, Ortega-Zarzosa G, Ruiz F, Chumakov Y (2006) Rietveld refinement of amorphous SiO2 prepared via sol–gel method. Mater Lett 60:3526
Zhang G, Xu XuY, Wang D, Xue Y, Su W (2008) Pressure-induced crystallization of amorphous SiO2 with silicon-hydroxy group and the quick synthesis of coesite under lower temperature. High Press Res 28:641
Deraman LM, Abdullah MMA, Ming LY et al (2017) Mechanical properties on geopolymer brick: a review, 3rd Electronic and Green Materials International Conference 2017
Sukri D (2010) Investigating of compressive strength foam brickwall panel with different bonding by using stretcher and Flemish bond, University Malaysia Pahang
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Dandekar, S., Deshmukh, K., Bangalkar, B., Zingare, P., Peshwe, D., Randive, K. (2021). Metallurgical and Mining Waste Utilization in Preparation of Geo-Polymeric Bricks as the Future Construction Material. In: Randive, K., Pingle, S., Agnihotri, A. (eds) Innovations in Sustainable Mining. Earth and Environmental Sciences Library. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73796-2_5
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73796-2_5
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-73795-5
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-73796-2
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)