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Modulation Formats

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THz Communications

Part of the book series: Springer Series in Optical Sciences ((SSOS,volume 234))

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Abstract

Modulation is essential to convey information through a communication system. This chapter gives an overview of the modulation schemes and their use to date in THz systems. The choice of a modulation scheme is a trade-off of factors such as noise, RF channel, cost/complexity, and component technologies. THz systems fall at a technology cusp between optical and RF systems. Spectral efficiency is important at lower frequencies where the spectrum is congested, but THz frequency bands are currently underused, and technical challenges like power, high-channel losses, and oscillator-phase stability dominate the design choices.

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. NPL, Teddington, UK

    David A. Humphreys

Authors
  1. David A. Humphreys
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to David A. Humphreys .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Communications Technology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Braunschweig, Germany

    Thomas Kürner

  2. Brown University, Providence, RI, USA

    Daniel M. Mittleman

  3. Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Japan

    Tadao Nagatsuma

Glossary

Glossary

5G:

Fifth-generation cellular radio system

AWGN:

Added white Gaussian noise

ASK:

Amplitude shift keying

APSK:

Amplitude and phase-shift keying

EVM:

Error vector magnitude

FEC:

Forward error correction

LTE:

Long-term evolution (fourth-generation cellular radio system)

OFDMA:

Orthogonal frequency-domain multiple access

OOK:

On-off keying

OTA:

Over the air (testing)

M-QAM:

Quadrature amplitude modulation for an arbitrary number of constellation points (e.g., 16 QAM)

SNR:

Signal-to-noise (power) ratio, normally expressed in decibels

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Humphreys, D.A. (2022). Modulation Formats. In: Kürner, T., Mittleman, D.M., Nagatsuma, T. (eds) THz Communications. Springer Series in Optical Sciences, vol 234. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-73738-2_29

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