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Persistent Organic Pollutants (Part II): The New POPs – Sources and Adverse Effects

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Organic Pollutants

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Abstract

Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) are organic pollutants that exist for extended periods of time in our environment. Due to their ubiquitous presence in the environment (water, air, soil, and living beings), both natural and man-made forms of POPs are of global concern. They can be considered as “forever chemicals” due to their resistance to degradation in the ecosystem via photolytically, biologically, or chemically to diversified degrees. They have the potential to biomagnify via the food chain, and due to their high lipid solubility they can bioaccumulate in the various organisms in the ecosystem. They are transported beyond international borders by water and wind and are detected in places far from their sources. The comprehensive contamination of the living organisms and environment by POPs has resulted in acute as well as chronic toxic effects in many living species. Under the leadership of United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), 12 classes of organic compounds (or the “dirty dozen”) were initially identified as persistent organic pollutants in the Stockholm Convention of Persistent Organic Pollutants held in 2001. In the subsequent Stockholm Conventions held biennially from 2009 to 2019, additional chemicals were considered as new POPs. In this chapter, the source, structure, general characteristics, and uses of the intentionally produced and unintentionally generated new persistent organic pollutants introduced from 2009 will be described. The major adverse effects caused by these new persistent organic pollutants on human health and the environment will be also summarized.

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    Rupesh Narayana Prabhu & Jagadeesan Lakshmipraba

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. Water and Soil Processing Lab Department of Environmental Biotechnology, School of Environmental Sciences Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, India

    M. Vasanthy

  2. Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    V. Sivasankar

  3. Post Graduate and Research Department of Chemistry, Pachaiyappa’s College (Affiliated to University of Madras), Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    T. G. Sunitha

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Prabhu, R.N., Lakshmipraba, J. (2022). Persistent Organic Pollutants (Part II): The New POPs – Sources and Adverse Effects. In: Vasanthy, M., Sivasankar, V., Sunitha, T.G. (eds) Organic Pollutants. Emerging Contaminants and Associated Treatment Technologies. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72441-2_2

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