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The Jewish People and Indigenous Resilience

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Indigenous Knowledge and Mental Health

Abstract

Throughout history, the Jewish people have suffered numerous challenges, including pogroms and killings and even a merciless attempt at total extinction. However, when we look at the Jewish people in the last decades, we witness an outstanding case study of resilience and exceptional recovery, healing, and growth. The Jewish people are an outstanding instance of a group of people who returned to their ancient homeland in order to revive their communal life and renew their biblical language, traditional calendar, and religious rituals. They even gained independence and re-established a Jewish sovereign state. This chapter is Yahel’s innovative attempt to examine the Jewish people’s survival strategies and achievements within the framework of Indigenous resilience studies. It begins with an introduction to the Indigenous discourse, literature addressing the resilience of Indigenous People, and a review of the history of the Jewish people, identifying means and methods of resilience. It looks at three prominent Jewish figures whose writings influence Jewish ways of thinking: Hillel the Elder, Judah Halevi, and Theodor Herzl. It concludes that the Jewish people’s methods of resilience are an overwhelmingly good example of Indigenous resilience.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    The borders are mentioned several times. See for example: Exodus 23:31.

  2. 2.

    See also Knohl [24].

  3. 3.

    See theories about the Patriarchal Age in Finkelstein and Silberman [25].

  4. 4.

    Scholars debate over the extent and existence of the United Kingdom during David and Solomon periods. See Finkelstein and Silberman [25].

  5. 5.

    Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria in 733 BCE, and the final destruction of the kingdom by Sargon II in 722 BCE. Descriptions of the event can be found in many sources such as II Book of Kings, 17:6; I Books of Chronicles, 5:26; The Jerusalem Talmud, Sanhedrin, 10:6.

  6. 6.

    References to them are found in Talmudic sources such as the Babylonian Talmud, Sanhedrin,84:1; Babylonian Talmud, Yevamot, 17:2. Some scholars such as Parfitt Tudor argue that the ten tribes are a myth [28]. Over the years, several hypotheses have been raised regarding the affiliation of groups as descendants of the 10 tribes, but no clear evidence has been found [29, 30].

  7. 7.

    In 597 BCE and again in 586 BCE by the Neo-Babylonian Empire under the rule of Nebuchadnezzar II

  8. 8.

    The exact time of the return is disputed. Details on the exile periods are in the Books of Ezra (1:1–4) and Nehemiah; however, scholars regard them as tendentious ([34]; Free Vos Howard 1992; [32]).

  9. 9.

    Hanukka, a Jewish holiday is celebrated as a reminder of the Maccabees’ victory and the rededication of the Temple. The story of Hanukkah is preserved in the First and Second books of Maccabees [36, 37].

  10. 10.

    There were massive conversions in the annexed territories, such as the Edomites [41].

  11. 11.

    This index focuses on the richness of human lives while integrating three basic dimensions of human development: life expectancy at birth; mean years of schooling and expected years of schooling which reflect the ability to acquire knowledge; and gross national income per capita which reflects the ability to achieve a decent standard of living [54].

  12. 12.

    Preceded only by Greece and Cyprus [56].

  13. 13.

    The ones who do not join are called “bad neighbours.” Babylonian Talmud, Berachot 8:1.

  14. 14.

    Deuteronomy 15:11: “For the poor will never cease out of the land; therefor I command you, you shall open wide your hand to your brother, to the needy and to the poor, in the land.” Leviticus 23:22 commands not to harvest the corners of the field, or to pick the last fruit from the tree, to be left for the poor. Contribution of the tenth part of production to widows and the orphans.

  15. 15.

    One example is the case of the Jewish communities in Italy [69, 70].

  16. 16.

    His exact age is uncertain. According to Jacob Neusner, he was born in 50 BC [73].

  17. 17.

    Wenn ihr wollt, ist es kein Märchen.

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  1. Ben-Gurion Institute for the Study of Israel & Zionism, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel

    Havatzelet Yahel

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    David Danto

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    Masood Zangeneh

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Yahel, H. (2022). The Jewish People and Indigenous Resilience. In: Danto, D., Zangeneh, M. (eds) Indigenous Knowledge and Mental Health. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71346-1_9

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