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Nutritional Management of Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Patients

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Applied Peritoneal Dialysis

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Abstract

To sustain life, people with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) require dialysis to correct metabolic abnormalities and complications associated with failed kidney function of excretion and homeostatic and hormonal regulation. Complications include consequences of a build-up of uraemic toxins, acid-base, electrolyte and fluid imbalances as well as an increased cardiovascular risk. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has been shown to be a cost-effective treatment modality to improve clinical outcomes and quality of life of people with ESKD, and a ‘PD-first’ policy has even been adopted in many countries. However, dialysis only partially replaces kidney function and itself introduces many side effects such as high nutrient losses into dialysis fluid and unintentional gain of calories from the dextrose-containing dialysate. Furthermore, protein energy wasting (PEW) is common in the PD population and is associated with increased prevalence of peritonitis, hospitalisation, mortality and morbidity. Therefore, nutritional management is a vital part of multidisciplinary PD management. In this chapter, the rationale and current recommendations of PD nutritional management, such as energy and nutrient requirements, will be discussed, as well as foods and food components. Practical aspects of management will be reviewed with examples of effective interventions and care delivery as cited in the literature.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. The St. George Hospital, Departments of Renal Medicine and Nutrition and Dietetics, Kogarah, NSW, Australia

    Maria Chan

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Editors and Affiliations

  1. CORE Kidney Health Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Anjay Rastogi

  2. University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Edgar V. Lerma

  3. Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, University Health Network/Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Joanne M. Bargman

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Chan, M. (2021). Nutritional Management of Adult Peritoneal Dialysis Patients. In: Rastogi, A., Lerma, E.V., Bargman, J.M. (eds) Applied Peritoneal Dialysis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70897-9_31

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