Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

The Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Applied Peritoneal Dialysis

Abstract

Background: Peritoneal dialysis (PD) technique failure remains a significant barrier to improving the outcomes for PD patients and increasing the uptake of PD worldwide. The Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (PDOPPS) has been developed to identify variations in clinical practices and potentially modifiable causes of technique failure with the objective to improve PD outcomes.

Methods: PDOPPS is a prospective cohort study initially involving seven different countries such as Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The primary outcome is all-cause PD technique failure, and the secondary outcomes include hospitalization rates, PD-related all-cause mortality, PD-related complications, cause-specific technique failure, and patient-reported outcomes.

Results: The PDOPPS clinical workgroups have collaborated to design, analyze, and publish several clinically relevant studies which focus on PD training and education, PD catheter access and function, infection prevention and management, patient support, dialysis prescription and fluid management, and clinical application of PD therapy. The common finding is of wide variations in clinical practice, not always aligned to international guidelines and differences in important outcomes known to impact technique failure.

Conclusion: The PDOPPS is an innovative, internationally collaborative research initiative which aims to advance the understanding in variations in PD practices and how these link to outcomes that are important to patients, with the overall goal of identifying optimal clinical practice, extending PD technique survival, and improving quality of life for PD patients.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Log in via an institution
eBook
USD 16.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Liyanage T, Ninomiya T, Jha V, Neal B, Patrice HM, Okpechi I, et al. Worldwide access to treatment for end-stage kidney disease: a systematic review. Lancet (London, England). 2015;385(9981):1975–82.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Li PK, Chow KM, Van de Luijtgaarden MW, Johnson DW, Jager KJ, Mehrotra R, et al. Changes in the worldwide epidemiology of peritoneal dialysis. Nat Rev Nephrol. 2017;13(2):90–103.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Bello AK, Levin A, Lunney M, Osman MA, Ye F, Ashuntantang G, et al. Global Kidney Health Atlas: a report by the International Society of Nephrology on the global burden of end-stage kidney disease and capacity for kidney replacement therapy and conservative care across world countries and regions. Brussels: International Society of Nephrology; 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  4. Kidney Health Australia. State of the Nations. 2016 Kidney Health Week Chronic Kidney Disease Hot Spots. 2016.

    Google Scholar 

  5. Just PM, Riella MC, Tschosik EA, Noe LL, Bhattacharyya SK, de Charro F. Economic evaluations of dialysis treatment modalities. Health Policy (Amsterdam, Netherlands). 2008;86(2–3):163–80.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Heaf JG, Lokkegaard H, Madsen M. Initial survival advantage of peritoneal dialysis relative to haemodialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(1):112–7.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  7. Fenton SS, Schaubel DE, Desmeules M, Morrison HI, Mao Y, Copleston P, et al. Hemodialysis versus peritoneal dialysis: a comparison of adjusted mortality rates. Am J Kidney Dis. 1997;30(3):334–42.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Brown EA, Johansson L, Farrington K, Gallagher H, Sensky T, Gordon F, et al. Broadening options for long-term dialysis in the elderly (BOLDE): differences in quality of life on peritoneal dialysis compared to haemodialysis for older patients. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(11):3755–63.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  9. Rubin HR, Fink NE, Plantinga LC, Sadler JH, Kliger AS, Powe NR. Patient ratings of dialysis care with peritoneal dialysis vs hemodialysis. JAMA. 2004;291(6):697–703.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Mehrotra R, Devuyst O, Davies SJ, Johnson DW. The current state of peritoneal dialysis. J Am Soc Nephrol: JASN. 2016;27(11):3238–52.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  11. Khawar O, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Lo WK, Johnson D, Mehrotra R. Is the declining use of long-term peritoneal dialysis justified by outcome data? Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN. 2007;2(6):1317–28.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Jose MD, Johnson DW, Mudge DW, Tranaeus A, Voss D, Walker R, et al. Peritoneal dialysis practice in Australia and New Zealand: a call to action. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic.). 2011;16(1):19–29.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Perl J, Wald R, Bargman JM, Na Y, Jassal SV, Jain AK, et al. Changes in patient and technique survival over time among incident peritoneal dialysis patients in Canada. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN. 2012;7(7):1145–54.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  14. Mehrotra R, Kermah D, Fried L, Kalantar-Zadeh K, Khawar O, Norris K, et al. Chronic peritoneal dialysis in the United States: declining utilization despite improving outcomes. J Am Soc Nephrol: JASN. 2007;18(10):2781–8.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Shen JI, Mitani AA, Saxena AB, Goldstein BA, Winkelmayer WC. Determinants of peritoneal dialysis technique failure in incident US patients. Perit Dial Int. 2013;33(2):155–66.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  16. Manera KE, Tong A, Craig JC, Brown EA, Brunier G, Dong J, et al. Standardized outcomes in nephrology-peritoneal dialysis (SONG-PD): study protocol for establishing a core outcome set in PD. Perit Dial Int. 2017;37(6):639–47.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Manera KE, Johnson DW, Craig JC, Shen JI, Ruiz L, Wang AY, et al. Patient and caregiver priorities for outcomes in peritoneal dialysis: multinational nominal group technique study. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN. 2019;14(1):74–83.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  18. Standardised Outcomes In Nephrology (SONG). SONG-PD [cited 2019 Mar 6]. Available from: http://songinitiative.org/projects/song-pd/.

  19. Chui BK, Manns B, Pannu N, Dong J, Wiebe N, Jindal K, et al. Health care costs of peritoneal dialysis technique failure and dialysis modality switching. Am J Kidney Dis. 2013;61(1):104–11.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  20. Mudge DW, Boudville N, Brown F, Clayton P, Duddington M, Holt S, et al. Peritoneal dialysis practice in Australia and New Zealand: a call to sustain the action. Nephrology (Carlton, Vic). 2016;21(7):535–46.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Registry A. 41st Report, Chapter 5: Peritoneal dialysis. Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry, Adelaide, Australia. 2018. Available at: http://www.anzdata.org.au.

  22. United States Renal Data System. URDS annual data report: epidemiology of kidney disease in the United States, Volume 2 ESRD, Chapter 1. Bethesda: National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases; 2018.

    Google Scholar 

  23. Perl J, Davies SJ, Lambie M, Pisoni RL, McCullough K, Johnson DW, et al. The peritoneal dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (PDOPPS): unifying efforts to inform practice and improve global outcomes in peritoneal dialysis. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(3):297–307.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Cho Y, See EJ, Htay H, Hawley CM, Johnson DW. Early peritoneal dialysis technique failure: review. Perit Dial Int. 2018;38(5):319–27.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. See EJ, Johnson DW, Hawley CM, Pascoe EM, Badve SV, Boudville N, et al. Risk predictors and causes of technique failure within the first year of peritoneal dialysis: an Australia and New Zealand Dialysis and Transplant Registry (ANZDATA) Study. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;72(2):188–97.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Lan PG, Clayton PA, Johnson DW, McDonald SP, Borlace M, Badve SV, et al. Duration of hemodialysis following peritoneal dialysis cessation in Australia and New Zealand: proposal for a standardized definition of technique failure. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(6):623–30.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  27. Nadeau-Fredette AC, Johnson DW, Hawley CM, Pascoe EM, Cho Y, Clayton PA, et al. Center-specific factors associated with peritonitis risk-a multi-center registry analysis. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):509–18.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  28. Castledine C, Gilg J, Rogers C, Ben-Shlomo Y, Caskey F. UK Renal Registry 13th Annual Report (December 2010): Chapter 15: UK renal centre survey results 2010: RRT incidence and use of home dialysis modalities. Nephron Clin Pract. 2011;119(Suppl 2):c255–67.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  29. Ghali JR, Bannister KM, Brown FG, Rosman JB, Wiggins KJ, Johnson DW, et al. Microbiology and outcomes of peritonitis in Australian peritoneal dialysis patients. Perit Dial Int. 2011;31(6):651–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  30. Kerschbaum J, Konig P, Rudnicki M. Risk factors associated with peritoneal-dialysis-related peritonitis. Int J Nephrol. 2012;2012:483250.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  31. Lim WH, Boudville N, McDonald SP, Gorham G, Johnson DW, Jose M. Remote indigenous peritoneal dialysis patients have higher risk of peritonitis, technique failure, all-cause and peritonitis-related mortality. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2011;26(10):3366–72.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  32. Nessim SJ, Bargman JM, Austin PC, Nisenbaum R, Jassal SV. Predictors of peritonitis in patients on peritoneal dialysis: results of a large, prospective Canadian database. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009;4(7):1195–200.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  33. McDonald SP, Collins JF, Rumpsfeld M, Johnson DW. Obesity is a risk factor for peritonitis in the Australian and New Zealand peritoneal dialysis patient populations. Perit Dial Int. 2004;24(4):340–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  34. Htay H, Cho Y, Pascoe EM, Darssan D, Nadeau-Fredette A-C, Hawley C, et al. Multicenter registry analysis of center characteristics associated with technique failure in patients on incident peritoneal dialysis. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN. 2017;12(7):1090–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  35. Schaubel DE, Blake PG, Fenton SS. Effect of renal center characteristics on mortality and technique failure on peritoneal dialysis. Kidney Int. 2001;60(4):1517–24.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  36. Guillouët S, Veniez G, Verger C, Béchade C, Ficheux M, Uteza J, et al. Estimation of the center effect on early peritoneal dialysis failure: a multilevel modelling approach. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):519–25.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  37. Afolalu B, Troidle L, Osayimwen O, Bhargava J, Kitsen J, Finkelstein FO. Technique failure and center size in a large cohort of peritoneal dialysis patients in a defined geographic area. Perit Dial Int. 2009;29(3):292–6.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  38. Huisman RM, Nieuwenhuizen MG, Th de Charro F. Patient-related and centre-related factors influencing technique survival of peritoneal dialysis in The Netherlands. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2002;17(9):1655–60.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  39. Martin LC, Caramori JC, Fernandes N, Divino-Filho JC, Pecoits-Filho R, Barretti P. Geographic and educational factors and risk of the first peritonitis episode in Brazilian Peritoneal Dialysis study (BRAZPD) patients. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN. 2011;6(8):1944–51.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  40. Pieper D, Mathes T, Marshall MR. A systematic review of the impact of center volume in dialysis. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:812.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  41. Htay H, Cho Y, Pascoe EM, Darssan D, Nadeau-Fredette AC, Hawley C, et al. Center effects and peritoneal dialysis peritonitis outcomes: analysis of a national registry. Am J Kidney Dis. 2018;71(6):814–21.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  42. Nataatmadja M, Cho Y, Johnson DW. Continuous Quality Improvement Initiatives to Sustainably Reduce Peritoneal Dialysis-Related Infections in Australia and New Zealand. Perit Dial Int. 2016;36(5):472–7.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  43. Robinson BM, Bieber B, Pisoni RL, Dialysis Outcomes PFK. Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS): its strengths, limitations, and role in informing practices and policies. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol: CJASN. 2012;7(11):1897–905.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  44. Pisoni RL, Gillespie BW, Dickinson DM, Chen K, Kutner MH, Wolfe RA. The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS): design, data elements, and methodology. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44(5 Suppl 2):7–15.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  45. Robinson B, Fuller D, Zinsser D, Albert J, Gillespie B, Tentori F, et al. The Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) Practice Monitor: rationale and methods for an initiative to monitor the new US bundled dialysis payment system. Am J Kidney Dis. 2011;57(6):822–31.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  46. Pisoni RL, Arrington CJ, Albert JM, Ethier J, Kimata N, Krishnan M, et al. Facility hemodialysis vascular access use and mortality in countries participating in DOPPS: an instrumental variable analysis. Am J Kidney Dis. 2009;53(3):475–91.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  47. Okamoto K, Kobayashi S, Noiri E. Longer treatment time and slower ultrafiltration in hemodialysis: associations with reduced mortality in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Kidney Int. 2006;70(10):1877; author reply −8.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  48. Hecking M, Karaboyas A, Saran R, Sen A, Horl WH, Pisoni RL, et al. Predialysis serum sodium level, dialysate sodium, and mortality in maintenance hemodialysis patients: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Am J Kidney Dis. 2012;59(2):238–48.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  49. Pisoni RL, Young EW, Mapes DL, Keen ML, Port FK. Vascular access use and outcomes in the U.S., Europe, and Japan: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Nephrol News Issues. 2003;17(6):38–43. 7

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  50. Ten Years of Collaboration: DOPPS Research The European Dialysis Transplant Nurses Association/European Renal Care Association (EDTNA/ERCA), Arbor Research Collaborative for Health, and the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). (2019). [ebook] Available at: https://www.edtnaerca.org/resource/edtna/files/Ten%20Years%20of%20Collaboration_DOPPS%20Research_January%202017.pdf. Accessed 6 Feb 2019.

  51. Locatelli F, Pisoni RL, Combe C, Bommer J, Andreucci VE, Piera L, et al. Anaemia in haemodialysis patients of five European countries: association with morbidity and mortality in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2004;19(1):121–32.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  52. Locatelli F, Pisoni RL, Akizawa T, Cruz JM, DeOreo PB, Lameire NH, et al. Anemia management for hemodialysis patients: Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (K/DOQI) guidelines and Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS) findings. Am J Kidney Dis. 2004;44(5 Suppl 2):27–33.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  53. Bailie GR, Larkina M, Goodkin DA, Li Y, Pisoni RL, Bieber B, et al. Variation in intravenous iron use internationally and over time: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2013;28(10):2570–9.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  54. Young EW, Albert JM, Satayathum S, Goodkin DA, Pisoni RL, Akiba T, et al. Predictors and consequences of altered mineral metabolism: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Kidney Int. 2005;67(3):1179–87.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  55. Tentori F, Blayney MJ, Albert JM, Gillespie BW, Kerr PG, Bommer J, et al. Mortality risk for dialysis patients with different levels of serum calcium, phosphorus, and PTH: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Am J Kidney Dis. 2008;52(3):519–30.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  56. Rayner HC, Zepel L, Fuller DS, Morgenstern H, Karaboyas A, Culleton BF, et al. Recovery time, quality of life, and mortality in hemodialysis patients: the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Am J Kidney Dis. 2014;64(1):86–94.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  57. Tentori F, Elder SJ, Thumma J, Pisoni RL, Bommer J, Fissell RB, et al. Physical exercise among participants in the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS): correlates and associated outcomes. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2010;25(9):3050–62.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  58. Elder SJ, Pisoni RL, Akizawa T, Fissell R, Andreucci VE, Fukuhara S, et al. Sleep quality predicts quality of life and mortality risk in haemodialysis patients: results from the Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study (DOPPS). Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2008;23(3):998–1004.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  59. Mariani L, Stengel B, Combe C, Massy ZA, Reichel H, Fliser D, et al. The CKD outcomes and practice patterns study (CKDopps): rationale and methods. Am J Kidney Dis. 2016;68(3):402–13.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  60. DOPPS. Peritoneal dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study [Internet] 2019, [updated October 2018; cited 2019 Feb 4. Available from: https://www.dopps.org/OurStudies/PeritonealDialysisPDOPPS.aspx.

  61. Dhanakijcharoen P, Sirivongs D, Aruyapitipan S, Chuengsaman P, Lumpaopong A. The “PD First” policy in Thailand: three-years experiences (2008-2011). J Med Assoc Thailand = Chotmaihet thangphaet. 2011;94(Suppl 4):S153–61.

    Google Scholar 

  62. Liu FX, Gao X, Inglese G, Chuengsaman P, Pecoits-Filho R, Yu A. A global overview of the impact of peritoneal dialysis first or favored policies: an opinion. Perit Dial Int. 2015;35(4):406–20.

    Article  CAS  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  63. Kawanishi H, Moriishi M, Katsutani S, Sakikubo E, Tsuchiya S. Hemodialysis together with peritoneal dialysis is one of the simplest ways to maintain adequacy in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Adv Perit Dial Conf Perit Dial. 1999;15:127–31.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  64. Boudville N, Johnson DW, Zhao J, Bieber BA, Pisoni RL, Piraino B, et al. Regional variation in the treatment and prevention of peritoneal dialysis-related infections in the Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 2018;34(12):2118–26, 2019.

    Google Scholar 

  65. Tennankore KK, Zhao J, Karaboyas A, Bieber B, Robinson BM, Morgenstern H, et al. The association of functional status with mortality and dialysis modality change: results from the peritoneal dialysis outcomes and practice patterns study (PDOPPS). Perit Dial Int. 2019. (in press).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

PDOPPS receives financial support from several sources that together make this enterprise possible, including Baxter Healthcare (Core Funding, Arbor Research Collaborative for Health); Canadian Institutes of Health Research; National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia; Japanese Society for Peritoneal Dialysis; Research for Patient Benefit Programme, National Institute for Health Research, UK (includes funding of ancillary UK Catheter Study); Kidney Research UK (UK Phase 2 participation); Thailand Research Foundation, National Research Council of Thailand; Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute, USA (EPOCH-RRT and OPUSS ancillary study); and National Institutes of Health, USA (Bio-PD ancillary study).

PDOPPS is made possible by the willing participation of many. We gratefully acknowledge the members of the study workgroups, the country investigators and their teams, and, above all, the patients.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Nephrology, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    Belinda Stallard & David W. Johnson

  2. Australasian Kidney Trials Network, Centre for Kidney Disease Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    David W. Johnson

  3. Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia

    David W. Johnson

  4. Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine St. Michael’s Hospital and Keenan Research Center in the LI Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Jeffrey Perl

  5. Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Keele University, Staffordshire, UK

    Simon J. Davies

Authors
  1. Belinda Stallard
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. David W. Johnson
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Jeffrey Perl
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Simon J. Davies
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Simon J. Davies .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. CORE Kidney Health Program, Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA

    Anjay Rastogi

  2. University of Illinois at Chicago, College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA

    Edgar V. Lerma

  3. Division of Nephrology, University of Toronto, University Health Network/Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada

    Joanne M. Bargman

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Stallard, B., Johnson, D.W., Perl, J., Davies, S.J. (2021). The Peritoneal Dialysis Outcomes and Practice Patterns Study. In: Rastogi, A., Lerma, E.V., Bargman, J.M. (eds) Applied Peritoneal Dialysis. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70897-9_28

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70897-9_28

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70896-2

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70897-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics

Search

Navigation