Abstract
Data on fog occurrence from 26 Polish meteorological stations were analysed for the period 1966–2018. Annual and seasonal number of days with fog, number of days with fog of the duration <6 h, 6-12 h and >12 h, and number of days with dense, moderate and thin fog were studied in terms of spatial and temporal variability. In the high mountains, the fog frequency is the highest (about 300 days per year), no statistically significant multi-annual changes of most of the indices can be defined and the inter-annual variability is very low. At the seaside, the number of days with fog is the lowest (about 28 days per year on average) and the inter-annual variability is high. Therefore, no statistically significant trends can be determined for most of the indices. In the lowland areas of northern and central Poland, and in the uplands of southern Poland, high variability in fog occurrence and long-term trends can be observed in each region. For stations with the highest fog frequency, statistically significant increasing trends were obtained while for the others the trends were either decreasing or not significant statistically. As fog is a very localised phenomenon, downscaling methods of satellite image processing have to be developed in order to improve the spatial approach in long-term analyses.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Avotniece Z, Klavins M, Lizuma L (2015) Fog climatology in Latvia. Theor Appl Clim 122:97–109
Bendix J (1994) Fog climatology of the Po Valley. Rivista di Meteorologia Aeronautica 3–4:25–36
Bendix J (2001) A 10-years fog climatology of Germany and the Alpine region based on satellite data—Preliminary results. In: abstracts of the Second International Conference on Fog and Fog Collection, St. John’s, Canada, 15–20 July, 2001:357–360
Bendix J (2002) A satellite-based climatology of fog and low-level stratus in Germany and adjacent areas. Atmos Res 64:3–18
Błaś M, Sobik M (2000) Mgła w Karkonoszach i wybranych masywach górskich Europy (Fog in Giant Mts. and selected European massifs). Opera Corcontica 37:35–46
Błaś M, Sobik M (2004) The distribution of fog frequency in the Carpathians. Geogr Polon 77:19–34
Błaś M, Sobik M, Quiel F, Netzel P (2002) Temporal and spatial variations of fog in the Western Sudety Mts., Poland. Atmos Res 64:19–28
Cermak J, Eastman RM, Bendix J, Warren SG (2009) European climatology of fog and low stratus based on geostationary satellite observations. Q J R Meteorol Soc 135:2125–2130
Egli S, Thies B, Drönner J, Cermak J, Bendix J (2017) A 10 year fog and low stratus climatology for Europe based on Meteosat second generation data. Q J R Meteorol Soc 143:530–541
Fu GQ, Xu WY, Yang RF, Li JB, Zhao CS (2014) The distribution and trends of fog and haze in the North China Plain over the past 30 years. Atmos Chem Phys 14:11949–11958
Gautam R, Singh MK (2018) Urban heat island over Delhi punches holes in widespread fog in the Indo-Gangetic Plains. Geoph Res Let 45:1114–1121
Giulianelli L, Gilardoni S, Tarozzi L, Rinaldi M, Decesari S, Carbone C, Facchini MC, Fuzzi S (2014) Fog occurrence and chemical composition in the Po valley over the last twenty years. Atmos Environ 98:394–401
Hess M (1965) Mgła (Fog). In: Piętra klimatyczne w Polskich Karpatach Zachodnich (Vertical climatic zones in the Polish Western Carpathians). Zesz Nauk UJ, Pr Geogr 11:195–198
Klemm O, Lin NH (2016) What causes observed fog trends: air quality or climate change. Aero Air Qual Res 16:1131–1142
Lange CA, Matschullat J, Zimmermann F, Sterzik G, Wienhaus O (2003) Fog frequency and chemical composition of fog water—a relevant contribution to atmospheric deposition in the eastern Erzgebirge, Germany. Atmos Environ 37:3731–3739
Łupikasza E, Niedźwiedź T (2016) Synoptic climatology of fog in selected locations of southern Poland (1966–2015). Bull Geogr, Phys Geogr Ser 11:5–15
Niu S, Lu C, Yu H, Zhao L, Lü J (2010) Fog research in China: an overview. Adv Atmos Sci 27(3):639–661
Quan J, Zhang Q, He H, Liu J, Huang M, Jin H (2011) Analysis of the formation of fog and haze in North China Plain (NCP). Atmos Chem Phys 11:8205–8214
Scherrer SC, Appenzeller C (2014) Fog and low stratus over the Swiss Plateau—a climatological study. Int J Climatol 34:678–686
Syed FS, Körnich H, Tjernström M (2012) On the fog variability over south Asia. Clim Dyn 39:2993–3005
Trzeciak S (1992) Mgły i zjawiska im towarzyszące w zachodniej części polskiego wybrzeża Bałtyku (Fogs and phenomena accompanying them in the western part of the Polish Baltic coast). Szczecińskie Roczniki Naukowe (Annales Scientiarum Stetinenses) 7(1):67–85
van Oldenborgh GJ, Yiou P, Vautard R (2010) On the roles of circulation and aerosols in the decline of mist and dense fog in Europe over the last 30 years. Atmos Chem Phys 10:4597–4609
Vautard R, Yiou P, van Oldenborough GJ (2009) Decline of fog, mist and haze in Europe over the past 30 years. Nat Geosci 2:115–119
Veljović K, Vujović D, Lazić L, Vučković V (2015) An analysis of fog events at Belgrade International Airport. Theor Appl Climatol 119:13–24
Witiw MR, LaDochy S (2008) Trends in fog frequencies in the Los Angeles Basin. Atmos Res 87:293–300
Wrzesinsky T, Klemm O (2000) Summertime fog chemistry at a mountainous site in central Europe. Atmos Environ 34:1487–1496
Wypych A (2003) Air humidity and fogs in Cracow in the period 1961–2000 in relation to synoptic situations In: Górka Z (ed) Changes of geographical environment and those of socio-economic phenomena. Zesz Nauk UJ, Pr Geogr 112:105–114
Żarnowiecki G (2000) Występowanie dni z mgłą na stacjach meteorologicznych Święty Krzyż, Kielce i Nowa Słupia (The occurrence of days with fog in Święty Krzyż, Kielce and Nowa Słupia). Rocz Świętokrz Ser B 27:265–279
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Bokwa, A., Wypych, A., Hajto, M.J. (2021). Change of Fog Frequency. In: Falarz, M. (eds) Climate Change in Poland. Springer Climate. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_18
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70328-8_18
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70327-1
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70328-8
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)