Skip to main content

John Cage's Number Pieces, a Geometric Interpretation of “Time Brackets” Notation

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Perception, Representations, Image, Sound, Music (CMMR 2019)

Part of the book series: Lecture Notes in Computer Science ((LNISA,volume 12631))

Included in the following conference series:

  • 989 Accesses

Abstract

Conceptual musical works that lead to a multitude of realizations are of special interest. One can’t talk about a performance without considering the rules that lead to the existence of that version. After dealing with similar works of open form by Iannis Xenakis, Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen, the interest in John Cage’s music is evident. His works are “so free” that one can play any part of the material; even a void set is welcomed. The freedom is maximal and still there are decisions to consider in order to make the piece playable. Our research was initially intended to develop a set of conceptual and software tools that generates a representation of the work as an assistance to performance. We deal here with the Number Pieces Cage composed in the last years of his life. Over time, we realized that the shape used to represent time brackets, brought important information for the interpretation and musical analysis. In the present text, we propose a general geometric study of these time brackets representations, while trying to make the link with their musical properties to improve the performance.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 109.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 139.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. 1.

    “OpenMusic” is a software developed by Ircam by Gerard Assayag, Carlos Augusto Agon and Jean Bresson. See: https://recherche.ircam.fr/equipes/repmus/OpenMusic/.

References

  1. Cage, J.: Two5. On John Cage Two5 [CD]. Ut Performance (2013)

    Google Scholar 

  2. Cage, J.: Music for Two. On John Cage, Music for Two [CD]. Ut Performance (2014)

    Google Scholar 

  3. Cage, J.: Ryoanji. On John Cage, Ryoanji [CD]. Ut Performance (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  4. Chilton, J.G.: Non-intentional performance practice in John Cage's solo for sliding trombone. DMA dissertation, University of British Columbia (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  5. Haskins, R.: The Number Pieces of John Cage. DMA dissertation, University of Rochester (2004). Published as Anarchic Societies of Sounds, VDM Verlag (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Popoff, A.: Indeterminate music and probability spaces: the case of John Cage’s number pieces. In: Agon, C., Andreatta, M., Assayag, G., Amiot, E., Bresson, J., Mandereau, J. (eds.) Mathematics and Computation in Music. MCM 2011. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol. 6726, pp. 220–229. Springer, Heidelberg (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21590-2_17

  7. Popoff, A.: John Cage’s number pieces: the meta-structure of time-brackets and the notion of time. Perspect. New Music 48(1), 65–83 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Pritchett, J.: The Music of John Cage. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge (1993)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Rappaport, S., Sluchin, B.: On Panorama [CD]. Liner notes. Ut Performance (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  10. Retallack, J.: Musicage: Cage Muses on Words, Art, Music, p. 182. Wesleyan university Press, Middletown (1996)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Sluchin, B., Malt, M.: Interpretation and computer assistance in John Cage’s Concert for piano and Orchestra (1957–58). In: 7th Sound and Music Conference (SMC 2010), Barcelona, 21–24 July 2010 (2010)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Sluchin, B., Malt, M.: A computer aided interpretation interface for John Cage’s number piece Two5. In: Actes des Journées d’Informatique Musicale (JIM 2012), Namur, Belgique, 9–11 mai 2012), pp. 211–218 (201)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Benny Sluchin .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Sluchin, B., Malt, M. (2021). John Cage's Number Pieces, a Geometric Interpretation of “Time Brackets” Notation. In: Kronland-Martinet, R., Ystad, S., Aramaki, M. (eds) Perception, Representations, Image, Sound, Music. CMMR 2019. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12631. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70210-6_9

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70210-6_9

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-70209-0

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-70210-6

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics