Abstract
It is often said that a judicial decision should speak for itself and judges participating in the decision making should refrain from explaining it ex post facto.
The article was made in personal capacity, the thoughts expressed hereby cannot be attributed to the International Criminal Court.
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Notes
- 1.
- 2.
Article 19(3) “The Prosecutor may seek a ruling from the Court regarding a question of jurisdiction or admissibility. In proceedings with respect to jurisdiction or admissibility, those who have referred the situation under article 13, as well as victims, may also submit observations to the Court.”
- 3.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 27.
The referred scholarly controversial interpretation was linked to the importance to attribute to the title of Article 19 “Challenges to the jurisdiction of the Court or the admissibility of a case”. If the second sentence of § 1 of this article seems to recognize a proprio motu action. (“The Court shall satisfy itself that it has jurisdiction in any case brought before it. The Court may, on its own motion, determine the admissibility of a case in accordance with article 17.”) should it be considered that § 3 is forcibly linked to a “challenge”?
- 4.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 28.
- 5.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision §§ 30–33.
- 6.
Article 119 Settlement of disputes
1. Any dispute concerning the judicial functions of the Court shall be settled by the decision of the Court.
- 7.
ICJ, Reparation for injuries suffered in the service of the United Nations, Advisory Opinion, [1949] ICJ Rep. 174, p. 185.
- 8.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 48.
- 9.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 49.
- 10.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 73.
- 11.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 74.
- 12.
“Therefore, if it were established to the applicable threshold that members of the Rohingya people were deported from Myanmar to Bangladesh on any of the grounds enumerated in article 7(1)(h) of the Statute, the Court might also have jurisdiction pursuant to article 12(2)(a) of the Statute over the crime against humanity of persecution, considering that an element or part of this crime (i.e. the cross-border transfer) takes place on the territory of a State Party.” ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 76.
- 13.
“Second, article 7(1)(k) of the Statute stipulates that “[o]ther inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health”, amount to a crime against humanity within the jurisdiction of the Court. The Chamber notes that, following their deportation, members of the Rohingya people allegedly live in appalling conditions in Bangladesh and that the authorities of Myanmar supposedly impede their return to Myanmar.” ICC Rohingya decision § 77.
- 14.
ICC PTC Rohingya decision § 88.
- 15.
- 16.
Information for communities affected by the alleged deportation of the Rohingya People from Myanmar to Bangladesh, https://www.icc-cpi.int/rohingya-myanmar.
- 17.
Dov Jacobs: ICC PTC issues advisory opinion (yes, yes) on ICC jurisdiction over Rohingya deportation, https://dovjacobs.com/2018/09/06/icc-ptc-issues-advisory-opinion-yes-yes-on-icc-jurisdiction-over-rohingya-deportation/.
- 18.
Bennedikt Pirker and Jennifer Smolka: The ICC Pre-Trial Chamber’s Reading of “or” in the Myanmar Jurisdiction Ruling: On the Relevance of Linguistics to Interpretation, https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-icc-pre-trial-chambers-reading-of-or-in-the-myanmar-jurisdiction-ruling-on-the-relevance-of-linguistics-to-interpretation/.
- 19.
Michael A. Becker: The Situation of the Rohingya: Is there a role for the International Court of Justice? https://www.ejiltalk.org/the-situation-of-the-rohingya-is-there-a-role-for-the-international-court-of-justice/.
- 20.
Michael G. Karnavas: The ICC’s Ruling on the OTP’s Rohingya Request over Jurisdiction: well-reasoned or a judicial overreach? http://michaelgkarnavas.net/blog/2018/09/10/icc-rohingya-jurisdiction/; Revisiting the ICC’s Ruling on the OTP’s Rohingya Request over Jurisdiction: a more critical look. Part 1 – The Majority’s Decision, http://michaelgkarnavas.net/blog/2018/10/09/icc-rohingya-ruling-pt1/; Revisiting the ICC’s Ruling on the OTP’s Rohingya Request over Jurisdiction: a more critical look. Part 2 – The Dissent. http://michaelgkarnavas.net/blog/2018/10/11/icc-rohingya-ruling-pt2/.
- 21.
Raghav Bhargava: The Cost of Preventing Impunity: The ICC’s Misplaced Understanding of the Rome Statute http://cilj.co.uk/2018/11/14/the-cost-of-preventing-impunity-the-iccs-misplaced-understanding-of-the-rome-statute/.
- 22.
Rashmi Raman: Where do the Rohingya go? http://www.jgls.edu.in/article/where-do-rohingya-go.
- 23.
James Hendry: Analysis: The International Criminal Court Decides that It Has Jurisdiction Over the Alleged Deportation of the Rohingya, http://www.kirschinstitute.ca/analysis-international-criminal-court-decides-jurisdiction-alleged-deportation-rohingya/.
- 24.
Michael Plachta: International Criminal Court Confirms Its Jurisdiction over Crimes Against the Rohingya, https://ielrblog.com/index.php/article/international-criminal-court-confirms-its-jurisdiction-over-crimes-against-the-rohingya/.
- 25.
Kevin Jon Heller: The ICC Has Jurisdiction over One Form of Genocide in the Rohingya Situation, http://opiniojuris.org/2018/09/07/33644/.
- 26.
Viren Mascarenhas, Brian Jacobi, Claire O’Connell, and Isabel San Martin: The Rohingyas’ Plight: What Options Under International Law? What role can the ICC and ICJ play in bringing justice for the Rohingyas’ suffering? https://thediplomat.com/2019/01/the-plight-of-the-rohingya-what-options-under-international-law/.
- 27.
Carolina Battistella and Jade Tyson: Part 1: Pre-Trial Chamber Grant Jurisdiction over Rohingya Deportation: One Step Closer to Accountability for these Atrocities http://sites.law.wustl.edu/WashULaw/harris-lexlata/part-1-pre-trial-chamber-grant-jurisdiction-over-rohingya-deportation-one-step-closer-to-accountability-for-these-atrocities/.
Claudia Magloire and Derek Van Becelaere: Part 2: Did the ICC Get it Right? A Look at the Decision to Establish ICC Jurisdiction in Myanmar. http://sites.law.wustl.edu/WashULaw/harris-lexlata/part-2-did-the-icc-get-it-right-a-look-at-the-decision-to-establish-icc-jurisdiction-in-myanmar/.
Matteo Colorio and Feyga Saksonov: Part 3: Justice for the Rohingya: Issues and Possible Solutions. http://sites.law.wustl.edu/WashULaw/harris-lexlata/part-3-justice-for-the-rohingya-issues-and-possible-solutions/.
Josh Handelman and Christian Rose: Part 4: Claiming Jurisdiction: Comparing the ICC Pre-Trial Chamber Decision Regarding Myanmar with Other Approaches. http://sites.law.wustl.edu/WashULaw/harris-lexlata/part-4-claiming-jurisdiction-comparing-the-icc-pre-trial-chamber-decision-regarding-myanmar-with-other-approaches/.
- 28.
Vagias (2019), pp. 368–375.
- 29.
Nicolás Carrillo Santarelli: SCP de la CPI toma decisión sobre jurisdicción, diciendo que la deportación y el traslado forzoso de población son delitos separados, y que tiene jurisdicción frente a casos sobre conductas cometidas, al menos en parte, en Estados parte al Estatuto, https://jusorbis.wordpress.com/author/nicolascs/;
La decisión “humanizadora” de la Sala de Cuestiones Preliminares de la Corte Penal Internacional sobre competencia y jurisdicción frente a algunos crímenes cometidos de forma transnacional: : el caso de los Rohingya expulsados hacia Bangladesh, Revista electrónica de estudios internacionales (REEI), ISSN-e 1697-5197, N°. 36, 2018, http://www.reei.org/index.php/revista/num36/notas/decision-humanizadora-sala-cuestiones-preliminares-corte-penal-internacional-sobre-competencia-jurisdiccion-frente-algunos-crimenes-cometidos-forma-transnacional-caso-rohingya-expulsados-hacia-bangladesh.
- 30.
Because of the particular nature of the legal blogs and on-line papers, I will not refer to respective page numbers.
- 31.
“This ruling stands as a rare, yet significant reaffirmation that human rights inform the entire ICC system and the function of all its organs.” Vagias: op. cit p. 374.
- 32.
Vagias: op. cit p. 375.
- 33.
Vagias: op. cit p. 374.
Reference
Vagias M (2019) International Criminal Court – Pre-Trial Chamber – territorial jurisdiction over a crime committed in part on state-party territory – the ICC’s objective international legal personality. Am J Int Law 113(2):368–375
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Kovács, P. (2021). The International Criminal Court on the Rohingyas’ Situation and the Early Scholarly Echo of the Decision. In: Eboe-Osuji, C., Emeseh, E., Akinkugbe, O.D. (eds) Nigerian Yearbook of International Law 2018/2019. Nigerian Yearbook of International Law , vol 2018/2019. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69594-1_10
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