Abstract
Integrated care is difficult to define and understand since it represents a complex service innovation in the way health and care services should be redesigned around people’s needs. Consequently, integrated care has come to mean different things to different people and the resulting conceptual ‘soup’ has often acted as a barrier when it comes to developing commonly understood strategies to support implementation and change. This chapter attempts to outline that there are three distinct dimensions to what integrated care means in practice.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
6 P., Goodwin, N., Peck, E., & Freeman, T. (2006). Managing networks of 21st century organizations. Basingstoke: Palgrave-McMillan.
Ahgren, B., & Axelsson, R. (2005). Evaluating integrated health care: A model for measurement. International Journal of Integrated Care, 5(3), e01.
Armitage, G., Suter, E., Oelke, N., & Adair, C. (2009). Health systems integration: State of the evidence. International Journal of Integrated Care, 9(2), 1–11.
Barr, S., Robinson, S., Marin-Link, B., & Salivaras, S. (2003). The expanded chronic care model: An integration of concepts and strategies from population health promotion and the chronic care model. Hospital Quarterly, 7(1), 73–82.
Berwick, D. M., Nolan, T. W., & Whittington, J. (2008). The triple aim: Care, health, and cost. Health Affairs (Millwood), 27(3), 759–769.
Blomfield, M., & Cayton, H. (2009). Community engagement: A report for the Health Foundation. London: The Health Foundation.
Bodenheimer, T., & Sinsky, C. (2014). From triple to quadruple aim: Care of the patient requires care of the provider. Annals of Family Medicine, 12, 573–576. https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1713.
Comas-Herrera, A., & Wittenberg, R. (Eds.). (2003). European study of long-term care expenditure. Report to the European Commission, Employment and Social Affairs DG. Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics, London. PSSRU Discussion Paper 1840.
Contandriopoulos, A. -P., Denis, J. -L., Nassera, T., & Rodriguez, C. (2003). The integration of health care: Dimensions and implementation. Working Paper. Montreal: Groupe de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Santé, Université de Montréal
Curry, N., & Ham, C. (2010). Clinical and service integration: The route to improved outcomes. London: The King’s Fund.
Davidson, S., Harmer, M., & Marshall, A. (2015). Strategies for creating and capturing value in the emerging ecosystem economy. Strategy and Leadership, 43(2), 2–10.
de Bruin, S. R., Billings, J., Stoop, A., Lette, M., Ambugo, E. A., Gadsby, E., et al. (2020). Different contexts, similar challenges. SUSTAIN’s experiences with improving integrated care in Europe. International Journal of Integrated Care, 20(2), 17. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.5492.
Dessers, E., & Mohr, B. (2019). Integrated care ecosystems. In E. Dessers & B. Mohr (Eds.), Designing Integrated Care Ecosystems. A Socio-Technical Perspective. New York: Springer Nature.
European Commission and Economic Policy Committee. (2009). 2009 ageing report: Economic and budgetary projections for the EU-27 Member States (2008–2060). Luxembourg: Office for Official Publications of the European Communities.
Eurostat. (2019). Ageing Europe. Looking at the lives of older people in the EU. 2019 edition. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.
Ferrer, L. (2015). Engaging patients, carers and communities in the provision of coordinated/integrated health services: Strategies and tools. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Goodwin, N. (2013a). Understanding integrated care: A complex process, a fundamental principle. International Journal for Integrated Care, URN:NBN:NL:UI:10-1-114416.
Goodwin, N. (2013b). How do you build programmes of integrated care? The need to broaden our conceptual and empirical understanding. International Journal for Integrated Care, e040.
Goodwin, N., & Alonso, A. (2014). Understanding integrated care: The role of information and communication technology. In S. Muller, I. Meyer, & L. Kubitschke (Eds.), Beyond silos: The way and how of eCare. Hershey, PA: IGI Global.
Goodwin, N., & Smith, J. (2012). The evidence base for integrated care. London: The King’s Fund.
Goodwin, N., Sonola, L., Thiel, V., & Kodner, D. (2013). Co-ordinated care for people with complex chronic conditions. Key lessons and markers for success. London: The King’s Fund.
Goodwin, N., Dixon, A., Anderson, G., & Wodchis, W. (2014). Providing integrated care for older people with complex needs. Lessons from seven international case studies. London: The King’s Fund.
Ham, C., & Walsh, N. (2013). Making integrated care happen at scale and pace: Lessons from experience. London: The King’s Fund.
International Journal of Integrated Care (IJIC). (no date). IJIC guidelines for research and theory papers. Retrieved from https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/ubiquity-partner-network/up/journal/ijic/IJIC-research-and-theory-guidelines.pdf.
Jacobides, M. G., Cennamo, C., & Gawer, A. (2018). Towards a theory of ecosystems. Strategic Management Journal, 39(8), 2255–2276.
Kodner, D., & Spreeuwenberg, C. (2002). Integrated care: Meaning, logic, applications and implications—A discussion paper. International Journal of Integrated Care, 2(14), e12.
Leichsenring, K., Billings, J., & Nies, H. (Eds.). (2013). Long-term care in Europe. Improving policy and practice. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.
Leutz, W. (1999). Five laws for integrating medical and social services: Lessons from the United States and the United Kingdom. The Milbank Quarterly, 77(1), 77–110.
Lewis, R., Rosen, R., Goodwin, N., & Dixon, J. (2010). Where next for integrated care organisations in the English NHS? London: The Nuffield Trust.
National Committee for Quality Assurance. (2016, September). Latest evidence: Benefits of NCQA patient-centred medical home recognition. Washington: NCQA.
National Voices. (2013). A narrative for person-centred coordinated (‘integrated’) care. National Voices. Retrieved from www.nationalvoices.org.uk/sites/www.nationalvoices.org.uk/files/narrative-coordinated-care.pdf.
National Voices. (2011). Webs of Care. What does care look like from the individual’s perspective? London: National Voices. Available at: https://www.nationalvoices.org.uk/sites/default/files/public/publications/webs_of_care.pdf.
Nolte, E., & McKee, M. (2008). Integration and chronic care: A review. In E. Nolte & M. McKee (Eds.), Caring for people with chronic conditions: A health system perspective (pp. 64–91). Maidenhead: Open University Press.
Nolte, E., & Pitchforth, E. (2014). What is the evidence on the economic impacts of integrated care? Copenhagen: European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies.
OECD/European Union. (2019). Health at a Glance: Europe 2018: State of Health in the EU Cycle. OECD Publishing, Paris/European Union, Brussels, Revised version, February 2019. https://doi.org/10.1787/health_glance_eur-2018-en.
Ross, S., Curry, N., & Goodwin, N. (2012). Case management. What it is and how it can best be implemented. London: The King’s Fund.
Shaw, S., Rosen, R., & Rumbold, B. (2011). What is integrated care? London: The Nuffield Trust.
Singh, D., & Ham, C. (2006). Improving Care for people with long-term conditions. A review of UK and international frameworks. Health Services Management Centre, University of Birmingham, Birmingham.
Starfield, B. (2002). Policy relevant determinants of health: An international perspective. Health Policy, 60, 201–218.
Suter, E., Oelke, N., Adair, C., Waddell, C., Armitage, G., & Huebner, L. (2007 October). Health systems integration. Definitions, processes and impact: A research synthesis. Ottawa, ON: Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR).
Suter, E., Oelke, N., Lima, M., Vliet-Brown, C., Hepp, S., & Stiphout, M. (2015). Indicators and measurement tools for health system integration: Results from a knowledge synthesis. International Journal of Integrated Care, 4, 99.
Suter, E., Oelke, N. D., da Silva, D., Lima, M. A., Stiphout, M., Janke, R., et al. (2017). Indicators and measurement tools for health systems integration: A knowledge synthesis. International Journal of Integrated Care, 17(6), 4. https://doi.org/10.5334/ijic.3931.
The Health Foundation. (2011). Evidence: Helping people help themselves. London: The Health Foundation.
The Health Foundation. (2012). Leading the way to shared decision making. London: The Health Foundation.
Valentijn, P. (2016). Rainbow of chaos. A study into the theory and practice of integrated primary care. Dissertation, Tilburg University, The Netherlands.
Valentijn, P. P., Schepman, S. M., Opheij, W., & Bruijnzeels, M. A. (2013). Understanding integrated care: A comprehensive conceptual framework based on the integrative functions of primary care. International Journal of Integrated Care, 13, e010.
United Nations. (2020). UN 75. 2020 and beyond. Shaping our future together. Shifting demographics. Retrieved online: https://www.un.org/sites/un2.un.org/files/un75_shifting_demographics.pdf.
Wagner, E., et al. (1999). Improving chronic illness care: Translating evidence into action. Health Affairs, 20(6).
World Health Organization. (1978). Declaration of Alma-Ata, International Conference on Primary Health Care 1978. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2002). Innovative care for chronic conditions. Building blocks for action. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2008). Primary health care: Now more than ever. World Health Report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organisation. (2015). WHO global strategy on people-centred and integrated health services: Interim report. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organisation. (2016, April 15). Framework on integrated, people-centred health services. Report by the Secretariat, 69th World Health Assembly, World Health Organisation, Geneva.
WHO Regional Office for Europe. (2016). Towards people-centred health systems: An innovative approach for better health systems. Copenhagen: WHO Regional Office for Europe.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Goodwin, N., Stein, V., Amelung, V. (2021). What is Integrated Care?. In: Amelung, V., Stein, V., Suter, E., Goodwin, N., Nolte, E., Balicer, R. (eds) Handbook Integrated Care. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69262-9_1
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-69262-9_1
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-69261-2
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-69262-9
eBook Packages: Business and ManagementBusiness and Management (R0)