Skip to main content

A Web-Based Eye Tracking Data Visualization Tool

  • Conference paper
  • First Online:
Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges (ICPR 2021)

Abstract

Visualizing eye tracking data can provide insights in many research fields. However, visualizing such data efficiently and cost-effectively is challenging without well-designed tools. Easily accessible web-based approaches equipped with intuitive and interactive visualizations offer to be a promising solution. Many of such tools already exist, however, they mostly use one specific visualization technique. In this paper, we describe a web application which uses a combination of different visualization methods for eye tracking data. The visualization techniques are interactively linked to provide several perspectives on the eye tracking data. We conclude the paper by discussing challenges, limitations, and future work.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 84.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 109.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Bailly-Salins, I., Luga, H.: Artistic 3D object creation using artificial life paradigms. In: Butz, A., Fisher, B., Krüger, A., Olivier, P., Owada, S. (eds.) SG 2007. LNCS, vol. 4569, pp. 135–145. Springer, Heidelberg (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-73214-3_12

  2. Blascheck, T., Kurzhals, K., Raschke, M., Burch, M., Weiskopf, D., Ertl, T.: Visualization of eye tracking data: a taxonomy and survey: visualization of eye tracking data. Comput. Graph. Forum (2017). https://doi.org/10.1111/cgf.13079

  3. Blignaut, P.J.: Visual span and other parameters for the generation of heatmaps. In: Morimoto, C.H., Istance, H.O., Hyrskykari, A., Ji, Q. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2010 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research & Applications, ETRA 2010, Austin, Texas, USA, 22-24 March 2010, pp. 125–128. ACM (2010). https://doi.org/10.1145/1743666.1743697

  4. Bojko, A.A.: Informative or misleading? Heatmaps deconstructed. In: Jacko, J.A. (ed.) HCI 2009. LNCS, vol. 5610, pp. 30–39. Springer, Heidelberg (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-02574-7_4

  5. Burch, M.: Time-preserving visual attention maps. In: Proceedings of Intelligent Decision Technologies, pp. 273–283 (2016)

    Google Scholar 

  6. Burch, M.: Interaction graphs: visual analysis of eye movement data from interactive stimuli. In: Krejtz, K., Sharif, B. (eds.) Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications, ETRA 2019, pp. 89:1–89:5. ACM (2019). https://doi.org/10.1145/3317960.3321617

  7. Burch, M., Kumar, A., Mueller, K.: The hierarchical flow of eye movements. In: Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Eye Tracking and Visualization, ETVIS, pp. 3:1–3:5. ACM (2018)

    Google Scholar 

  8. Burch, M., Kumar, A., Timmermans, N.: An interactive web-based visual analytics tool for detecting strategic eye movement patterns. In: Proceedings of the 11th ACM Symposium on Eye Tracking Research & Applications (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  9. Burch, M., Netzel, R., Ohlhausen, B., Woods, R., Weiskopf, D.: User performance and reading strategies for metro maps: an eye tracking study. Spl Issue Eye Track. Spat. Res. Spat. Cogn. Comput. Interdisc. J. 17 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1080/13875868.2016.1226839

  10. Burch, M., Timmermans, N.: Sankeye: a visualization technique for AOI transitions. In: Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA, pp. 48:1–48:5. ACM (2020)

    Google Scholar 

  11. Burch, M., Veneri, A., Sun, B.: Eyeclouds: a visualization and analysis tool for exploring eye movement data. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Visual Information Communication and Interaction. Association for Computing Machinery, New York (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  12. Duchowski, A.T., Price, M.M., Meyer, M.D., Orero, P.: Aggregate gaze visualization with real-time heatmaps. In: Morimoto, C.H., Istance, H.O., Spencer, S.N., Mulligan, J.B., Qvarfordt, P. (eds.) Proceedings of the 2012 Symposium on Eye-Tracking Research and Applications, ETRA 2012, Santa Barbara, CA, USA, 28–30 March 2012, pp. 13–20. ACM (2012)

    Google Scholar 

  13. Fuchs, A., Kaneko, C., Scudder, C.: Brainstem control of saccadic eye movements. Ann. Rev. Neurosci. 8, 307–337 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ne.08.030185.001515

    Article  Google Scholar 

  14. Fukunaga, K., Hostetler, L.: The estimation of the gradient of a density function, with applications in pattern recognition. IEEE Trans. Inf. Theory 21(1), 32–40 (1975)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  15. Hessels, R.S., Kemner, C., van den Boomen, C., Hooge, I.T.C.: The area-of-interest problem in eyetracking research: a noise-robust solution for face and sparse stimuli. Behav. Res. Methods 48(4), 1694–1712 (2015). https://doi.org/10.3758/s13428-015-0676-y

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. Holmqvist, K.: Eye Tracking: A Comprehensive Guide to Methods and Measures. Oxford University Press, Oxford (2011)

    Google Scholar 

  17. Lohse, G.L.: Consumer eye movement patterns on yellow pages advertising. J. Advertising 26(1), 61–73 (1997)

    Article  MathSciNet  Google Scholar 

  18. Malzer, C., Baum, M.: A hybrid approach to hierarchical density-based cluster selection (2019)

    Google Scholar 

  19. Mather, G.: Foundations of Sensation and Perception. Psychology Press, London (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  20. Matlin, M., Farmer, T.: Cognition. Wiley, New York (2017)

    Google Scholar 

  21. Muñoz-Leiva, F., Hernández-Méndez, J., Gómez-Carmona, D.: Measuring advertising effectiveness in travel 2.0 websites through eye-tracking technology. Physiol. Behav. 200, 83–95 (2019)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Nyström, M., Holmqvist, K.: An adaptive algorithm for fixation, saccade, and glissade detection in eyetracking data. Behav. Res. Methods 42, 188–204 (2010)

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Peysakhovich, V., Hurter, C., Telea, A.: Attribute-driven edge bundling for general graphs with applications in trail analysis. In: Liu, S., Scheuermann, G., Takahashi, S. (eds.) Proceedings of IEEE Pacific Visualization Symposium, PacificVis, pp. 39–46. IEEE Computer Society (2015)

    Google Scholar 

  24. Rosenbaum, D.: Human Motor Control. Elsevier Science, New York (2009)

    Google Scholar 

  25. Spakov, O., Miniotas, D.: Visualization of eye gaze data using heat maps. In: Electronics and Electrical Engineering 2, vol. 74, pp. 55–58 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

  26. Yi, J.S., Kang, Y., Stasko, J., Jacko, J.A.: Toward a deeper understanding of the role of interaction in information visualization. IEEE Trans. Visual. Comput. Graph. 13(6), 1224–1231 (2007)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Michael Burch .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2021 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this paper

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this paper

Bakardzhiev, H. et al. (2021). A Web-Based Eye Tracking Data Visualization Tool. In: Del Bimbo, A., et al. Pattern Recognition. ICPR International Workshops and Challenges. ICPR 2021. Lecture Notes in Computer Science(), vol 12663. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_29

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68796-0_29

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-030-68795-3

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-030-68796-0

  • eBook Packages: Computer ScienceComputer Science (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics