Abstract
Though widely distributed in Europe since the late Eocene and quite abundant since Oligocene to early Miocene, anthracotheres have a very restricted Greek record due mostly to the limited exposure of similar-aged lithostratigraphic formations. Two bothriodontine genera are known so far from coal deposits of three localities in Western (Greek) Thrace, Katerini Basin, and Euboea Island. All of them lack, however, associated fauna and precise stratigraphic context.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Alloing-Séguier L, Lihoreau F, Boisserie J-R, Charruault A-L, Orliac M, Tabuce R (2014) Enamel microstructure evolution in anthracotheres (Mammalia, Cetartiodactyla) and new insights on hippopotamoid phylogeny. Zool J Linnean Soc 171:668–695
Boiserie J-R, Lihoreau F, Brunet M (2005) The position of Hippopotamidae within Cetartiodactyla. PNAS 102:1537–1541
Boisserie J-R, Lihoreau F (2006) Emergence of Hippopotamidae: new scenarios. C R Palevol 5:749–756
Boisserie J-R, Lihoreau F, Orliac M, Fisher RE, Weston EM, Ducrocq S (2010) Morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the earliest known hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae, Kenyapotaminae). Zool J Linnean Soc 158:325–366
Boisserie J-R, Fisher RE, Lihoreau F, Weston EM (2011) Evolving between land and water: key questions on the emergence and history of the Hippopotamidae (Hippopotamoidea, Cetancodonta, Cetartiodactyla). Biol Rev 86:601–625
Boisserie J-R, Kiarie C, Lihoreau F, Nengo I (2017) Middle Miocene Kenyapotamus (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamidae) from Napudet, Turkana Basin, Kenya. J Vertebr Paleontol 37(1):e1272055
Colbert EH (1935) The phylogeny of the Indian Suidae and the origin of the Hippopotamidae. Am Mus Nov 799:1–24
Cooper LN, Clementz MT, Usip S, Bajpai S, Hussain ST, Hieronymus TL (2016) Aquatic habits of cetacean ancestors: integrating bone microanatomy and stable isotopes. Integr Comp Biol 56:1370–1384
Cuvier G (1822) Recherches sur les ossemens fossiles, où l’on rétablit les caractères de plusieurs animaux, dont les révolutions du globe ont détruit les espèces Tome V. E. d’Ocagne, Paris
Depéret C (1895) Über die Fauna von miocänen Wirbelthieren aus der ersten Mediterranstufe von Eggenburg. Sitzungsber Akad Wiss math naturw Cl. Wien C4 Abth 1:395–416
Dineur H (1982) Le genre Brachyodus, Anthracotheriidae (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) du Miocène inférieur d’Europe et d’Afrique [Unpublished PhD thesis]. Université Paris, Paris
Ducrocq S, Lihoreau F (2006) The occurrence of bothriodontines (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) in the Palaeogene of Asia with special reference to Elomeryx: palaeobiogeographical implications. J Asian Earth Sci 27:885–891
Ducrocq S, Chaimanee Y, Suteethorn V, Jaeger J-J (2003) Occurrence of the anthracotheriid Brachyodus (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) in the early middle Miocene of Thailand. C R Palevol 2:261–268
Gatesy J, Geisler JH, Chang J, Buell C, Berta A, Meredith RW, Springer MS, McGowen MR (2013) A phylogenetic blueprint for a modern whale. Mol Phylogenet Evol 66:479–506
Geisler JH, Theodor JM, Uhen MD, Foss SE (2007) Phylogenetic relationships of cetaceans to terrestrial artiodactyls. In: Prothero DR, Foss SE (eds) The evolution of artiodactyls. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 19–31
Gentry AW, Hooker P (1988) The phylogeny of the Artiodactyla. In: Benton MJ (ed) The phylogeny and classification of the Tetrapods, vol 2, mammals. Syst Assoc 35B:235–272
Gervais P (1859) Zoologie et paleontologie françaises (animaux vertebres), 2nd ed. Paris
Grandi F, Bona F (2017) Prominatherium dalmatinum from the late Eocene of Grancona (Vicenza, NE Italy). The oldest terrestrial mammal of the Italian peninsula. C R Palevol 16:738–745
Hellmund M (1991) Revision der europäischen species der Gattung Elomeryx Marsh 1894 (Anthracotheriidae, Artiodactyla, Mammalia) - odontologische Untersuchungen. Palaeontographica Abt A 220:1–101
Holroyd PA, Lihoreau F, Gunnel GF, Miller ER (2010) Anthracotheriidae. In: Werdelin L, Sanders WJ (eds) The Cenozoic mammals of Africa. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 843–851
Kostopoulos DS, Koufos GD, Christanis K (2012) On some anthracotheriid (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) remains from northern Greece: comments on the palaeozoogeography and phylogeny of Elomeryx. Swiss J Palaeontol 131:303–315
Kron DG, Manning E (1998) Anthracotheriidae. In: Janis CM, Scott KM, Jacobs LL (eds) Evolution of tertiary mammals of North America. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, pp 381–388
Leidy J (1869) The extinct mammalian fauna of Dakota and Nebraska. J Philos Acad Nat Sci 7:1–472
Lihoreau F, Ducrocq S (2007) Family Anthracotheriidae. In: Prothero DR, Foss SE (eds) The evolution of artiodactyls. Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, pp 89–105
Lihoreau F, Ducrocq S, Antoine PO, Vianey-Liaud M, Rafay S, Garcia G, Valentin X (2009) First complete skulls of Elomeryx crispus (Gervais, 1849) and of Protaceratherium albigense (Roman, 1912) from a new Oligocene locality near Moissac (SW France). J Vertebr Paleontol 29:242–253
Lihoreau F, Boisserie J-R, Manthi FK, Ducrocq S (2015) Hippos stem from the longest sequence of terrestrial cetartiodactyl evolution in Africa. Nat Commun 6:6264. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms7264
Lihoreau F, Alloing-Séguier L, Antoine P-O, Boisserie J-R, Marivaux L, Métais G, Welcomme J-L (2017) Enamel microstructure defines a major Paleogene hippopotamoid clade: the Merycopotamini (Cetartiodactyla, Hippopotamoidea). Hist Biol 29:947–957
Lüttig G, Thenius E (1961) Űber einen Anthracotheriiden aus dem Alttertiär von Thrazien (Griechenland). Paläont Z 35:179–186
Marsh OC (1894) A new Miocene mammal. Am J Sci 48:409
Melentis J (1965) Der erste Nachweiss von Brachyodus onoideus (Mammalia, Anthracotheriidae) aus Griechenland und die Datierung der Fundschichten. Ann Acad Athens 40:406–423
Orliac M, Boisserie J-R, MacLatchyd L, Lihoreau F (2010) Early Miocene hippopotamids (Cetartiodactyla) constrain the phylogenetic and spatiotemporal settings of hippopotamid origin. PNAS 107:11871–11876
Pickford M (1991) Revision of the Neogene Anthracotheriidae of Africa. Geol Libya 4:1491–1525
Pickford M (2008) The myth of the hippo-like anthracothere: the eternal problem of homology and convergence. Rev Esp Paleont 23:31–90
Rincon AF, Bloch JI, Macfadden BJ, Jaramillo CA (2013) First central American record of Anthracotheriidae (Mammalia, Bothriodontinae) from the early Miocene of Panama. J Vertebr Paleontol 33:421–433
Scherler L, Lihoreau F, Becker D (2019) To split or not to split Anthracotherium? A phylogeny of Anthracotheriinae (Cetartiodactyla: Hippopotamoidea) and its palaeobiogeographical implications. Zool J Linnean Soc 185:487–510
Scott WB (1940) The mammalian fauna of the White River Oligocene part IV, Artiodactyla. Trans Am Philos Soc (N S) 28(4):361–746
Skoufos T(1905) Űber die paläontologischen Ausgrabungen in Grieclienland in Beziehung auf das Vorhandensein des Menschen. In: C R 1st Congr Intern Achaeol, pp 231–236
Spaulding M, O’Leary MA, Gatesy J (2009) Relationships of Cetacea (Artiodactyla) among mammals: increased taxon sampling alters interpretations of key fossils and character evolution. PLoS One 4(9):e7062
Tsubamoto T, Kohno N (2011) Reappraisal of “Brachyodus” japonicus, an Oligocene anthracotheriid cetartiodactyl from Japan. Palaeontol Res 15:115–124
van den Hoek Ostende LW, Mayda S, Oliver A, Madern A, Hernández-Ballarín V, Peláez-Campomanes P (2015) Aliveri revisited, a biogeographical appraisal of the early Miocene mammals from the eastern Mediterranean. Palaeobio Palaeoenv 95:271–284
van der Made J (1999) Superfamily Hippopotamidae. In: Rossner G, Heissig K (eds) The Miocene land mammals of Europe. Verlag Dr Friedrich Pfeil, Munich, pp 203–208
Acknowledgments
Thanks are due to S. Roussiakis for providing photographs of the Kalimeriani mandible and to F. Lihoreau for fruitful comments and suggestions.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Kostopoulos, D.S. (2022). The Fossil Record of Anthracotheres (Mammalia: Artiodactyla: Hippopotamoidea) in Greece. In: Vlachos, E. (eds) Fossil Vertebrates of Greece Vol. 2. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68442-6_8
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68442-6_8
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Cham
Print ISBN: 978-3-030-68441-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-030-68442-6
eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0)