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Dutch Foreign Policy: Staying the Course Amid a Changing World

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Foreign Policy Change in Europe Since 1991
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Abstract

There has been much continuity in the general foreign policy orientation of the Netherlands since 1990. Obviously, several important events and developments, including the end of the Cold War, 9/11, the financial crisis, and the return of geopolitics, have impacted Dutch foreign policy. Although these led to so-called adjustment changes, program changes and goal changes, they did not result in an international orientation change. The general foreign policy approach of the Netherlands from 1990 to 2020 continued to be characterized by an approach that aims to balance trade interests, security interests, and idealism. In this chapter, I offer an overview of the most important developments of the last 30 years and show how they affected (or how they did not affect) Dutch foreign policy.

The author thanks the editors, Tim Haesebrouck and Jeroen Joly, and Theo Brinkel, Oda van Cranenburgh and Frank de Zwart for commenting on earlier drafts of this chapter.

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Notes

  1. 1.

    To be precise: until 1983 the constitution referred in article 58 to ‘the king’ as being responsible for promoting the international legal order. From 1983 onward, the new article 90 refers to the ‘government’ instead of the king.

  2. 2.

    In 2019, The Netherlands scored as the fourth most competitive economy in the Global Competitiveness Index of the World Economic Forum.

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Correspondence to Niels van Willigen .

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van Willigen, N. (2021). Dutch Foreign Policy: Staying the Course Amid a Changing World. In: Joly, J.K., Haesebrouck, T. (eds) Foreign Policy Change in Europe Since 1991. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-68218-7_9

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